MOS is a product extracted from the cell wall of yeast. The carbohydrates contained therein can bring special benefits, Professor Pettigrew said. Previous studies have shown that he increases the rate of weight gain in newborn weaners and changes the microbial community in the digestive tract.
After doing a postdoc in Dr. Pettigrew's lab, Tung Che led two studies examining MOS and its effects on pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV, blue ear virus) under test conditions.
In the study, the researchers evaluated how feeding MOS can regulate the immune response in pigs infected with PRRSV.
"We found that MOS can enhance the immune response of pigs, but it can also alleviate the excessive stimulation of the immune system," Dr. Che said. "MOS will increase the total number of immune cells, such as white blood cells and lymphocytes, in the early stages of infection."
This is especially beneficial for pig farms with PRRSV infection, a respiratory disease that causes a decrease in the number of immune cells.
"This is very important because the increase in the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes not only helps fight PRRSV, but it also helps against secondary bacterial infections that often accompany PRRS," Dr. Che said.
Seven days after the PRRS virus was inoculated, the degree of fever in the pigs slowed down and the feed conversion efficiency improved, indicating that the inflammatory response was alleviated.
"We want to figure out why MOS will strengthen the immune system on the one hand, but at the same time it can alleviate the excessive reaction of the immune system, such as alleviating the symptoms of fever," Dr. Che said. "So we collected white blood cells and analyzed gene expression using a microarray technique followed by a more specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test."
The results of the trial are consistent with clinical symptoms, showing that MOS can increase the expression of cellular receptor genes and immune-related genes in pigs that are not challenged by disease. However, for pigs that have been infected with PRRSV, MOS is able to reduce the expression of cytokines and chemokine genes involved in the inflammatory response. When these two reactions are combined, it can explain why MOS can both enhance the immune response and relieve the symptoms of fever, Dr. Che said.
"MOS stimulates the immune system and enhances the immune response unless the immune system has been challenged," explains Professor Pettigrew. "In pigs that have already challenged the immune system, MOS can actually alleviate the inflammatory response in pigs."
Dr. Che said that MOS will also improve the feed conversion efficiency of pigs between 7 and 14 days after PRRS virus inoculation.
"The PRRS virus interferes with the immune response of pigs and makes pigs more susceptible to bacterial diseases," said Professor Pettigrew. "And this product seems to be able to counter this effect. It can even reduce the bacterial infections associated with PRRS virus, although we have not specifically tested this."
The research team also repeated this experiment with a second-generation MOS-like product to understand the mechanism of action of MOS.
“We are increasingly concerned about the importance of keeping pigs healthy, so we focus our research projects on how to improve the health of pigs through diets,†said Professor Pettigrew.
"In the pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus under test conditions, mannan oligosaccharides can regulate gene expression profile" and "mannose oligosaccharide improves the immune response of weaned pigs infected with porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus under test conditions" Both articles on growth efficiency have been published in the Journal of Animal Science.
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