The machinery industry is the basic industry for the development of the national economy. The development of various industries in the national economy depends on the machinery industry to provide equipment. Looking back on the history of China's machinery industry over the past 100 years, from 2000 to 2010 is a period of golden development. The total industrial output value of the whole industry has increased from 1.44 trillion yuan to 14.38 trillion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of over 25%. The number of assets increased from 1.96 million yuan to 10.4 trillion yuan; the proportion of industrial added value to the national industry increased sharply from 9.2% to 19%, and the proportion of GDP increased from 3.7%. It is around 9%. Looking forward to 2020, when China's goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way is realized, China's machinery industry will basically realize the industrialization of high-end equipment. The situation of the main lag behind the mainframe will be basically improved, the capacity for independent innovation will be greatly improved, and the international competitiveness will be close to that of industrial developed countries. .
First, the status quo
(1) Main results
During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China's machinery industry continued the good momentum of comprehensive high-speed development of the "10th Five-Year Plan". Both the industry scale, industrial structure, product level and international competitiveness have been greatly improved.
1. The industry scale ranks first in the world
During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, the industrial scale of the machinery industry continued to grow rapidly. In 2010, the added value of the machinery industry accounted for more than 9% of the national GDP; the total industrial output value increased from 4 trillion yuan in 2005 to 14 trillion yuan in 2010, with an average annual growth rate of more than 25%, in the national industry. The proportion has increased from 16.6% to 20.3%; the number of enterprises above designated size has reached more than 100,000, an increase of nearly 50,000 from the end of the “Tenth Five-Year Planâ€, the number of employees has reached 17.52 million, and the total assets have reached 10.4 trillion yuan. At the end of the fifteenth, it doubled. In 2009, China's machinery industry sales reached 1.5 trillion US dollars, surpassing Japan's 1.2 trillion US dollars and the US's 1 trillion US dollars, ranking first in the world, becoming the world's largest machinery manufacturing country.
2, equipment support capacity is significantly enhanced
Since the "11th Five-Year Plan", the level of China's machinery products has made great progress under the demand of high-speed growth. The domestic market share of mechanical products has increased from 80% in 2005 to over 85% in 2010. Major technical equipment. The autonomy has made a major breakthrough, and the ability to guarantee the various sectors of the national economy has been significantly enhanced.
3. Structural adjustment has made some progress
In terms of capital structure: diversification has been achieved, and the developmental vigor of the industry is growing stronger.
In terms of organizational structure: the situation of small and scattered enterprises has changed, and the concentration of production in major industries has been continuously improved, especially in industries such as automobiles, construction machinery, and power generation equipment.
In terms of product structure: the output value of new products has always maintained double-digit growth, and technological innovation achievements have become a strong driving force for the sustainable development of the industry.
In terms of asset structure: During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, fixed assets investment in the machinery industry continued to grow at a high speed, with a total investment of 5.7281 billion yuan in fixed assets, with an average annual growth rate of approximately 38%.
4. Import and export trade has changed from deficit to surplus
During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, the scale of China's foreign trade in machinery products continued to expand, becoming an important driving force for the development of global machinery products trade. In 2006, China's machinery industry's foreign trade ended its decades-long deficit after the founding of the country, achieving a historic turning point and achieving a foreign trade surplus for the first time. In 2008, China's machinery industry achieved a foreign trade surplus of 47.7 billion US dollars, reaching the best level in history. In 2010, the total volume of imports and exports reached 513.8 billion US dollars, a substantial increase of 231% from the 2002 total of 222.9 billion US dollars, while maintaining a basic balance of imports and exports, achieving a surplus of 3.1 billion US dollars.
(2) There is a problem
1. The ability of independent innovation is obviously weak.
Although the industrial scale of China's machinery industry has ranked first in the world, the current high-end equipment still can not meet the needs, and has to import a large amount. The contradiction between low-end overcapacity and serious shortage of high-end industries is very prominent. The reason for this is that the ability to innovate independently is weak and cannot effectively support product upgrades.
2, the basic development is seriously lagging behind
Compared with the rapidly developing host products, the development of basic components and high-quality special materials, automatic control systems and test instruments, CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment has lagged behind, which has become the three bottlenecks affecting the upgrading of mechanical products to high-end. In particular, the basic components have not only a large gap in product levels, but have not yet attracted enough attention from all quarters.
3. The modern manufacturing service industry is developing slowly
Although the industrial structure adjustment of the machinery industry has made some progress, it seems that the irrational industrial structure is still serious. The proportion of traditional processing and manufacturing industry is too large, the proportion of modern manufacturing service industry is too low; the dependence on the production of physical products is too large, and the value added of services in the total output of the industry is too low; from the perspective of physical output, it is compared with industrial developed countries. Compared with the production of many mechanical products in China, it is among the highest in the world. However, from the perspective of sales in the whole industry, especially from the perspective of economic benefits, this advantage is not obvious. The reason is that in addition to the impact of product grade gap, service value added The huge gap is the main reason.
4. The industrial development mode is relatively extensive
The good momentum of the sustained and rapid development of China's machinery industry cannot hide the problem of extensive development. Heavy speed, light weight; heavy scale, light efficiency; the tendency to focus on the current, light and long-term has attracted more and more attention, but has not yet been fundamentally changed. The rapid development of the industry is still at the expense of excessive resource consumption, and the production efficiency and operating efficiency are significantly different from those of industrial developed countries. The intensity of investment in the industry has increased greatly, but the trend of extension and expansion is serious, repeated construction is serious, industrial concentration is low, regional structure is converging, core competitiveness is weak, production efficiency and economic efficiency are poor, and it is obviously disadvantaged in the international division of labor.
Second, facing the situation
(1) Policy environment is conducive to industry development
Since the beginning of the new century, the policy environment for the development of the machinery industry has been very favorable. Looking forward to the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the Party Central Committee's proposal on formulating the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" for the national economy has already shown that this favorable policy environment will continue to be maintained and more favorable. What is particularly exciting is that among the seven strategic emerging industries that the Fifth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee clearly proposes to cultivate and develop, the machinery industry accounts for two – high-end equipment manufacturing and new energy vehicles, and others. The five strategic emerging industries are also inseparable from the support of the machinery industry. From this point of view, the status and role of the machinery industry during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period will only be further enhanced, and the policy environment for development will only be more favorable.
(2) Demand changes require industrial upgrading
1. Domestic demand situation
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the basic conditions for the steady and rapid development of China's economy and the long-term positive trend will not change. The total demand for mechanical products will continue to grow, but it goes without saying that demand growth will be faster than before. Ten years have slowed down. Nevertheless, as macroeconomic policies focus on economic transformation and upgrading and scientific development, the requirements for the variety, quality and level of mechanical products will receive more attention. Therefore, the "12th Five-Year Plan" China's machinery industry must recognize this situation and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the industry itself.
2. External demand situation
Overall, the global economy during the 12th Five-Year Plan period is still largely affected by the aftermath of the financial crisis. Although China's machinery industry mainly meets domestic demand during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the export volume will continue to grow without the will of human beings. With the expansion of exports, the entry of foreign capital, and the introduction of technology, the degree of export-orientedness of the machinery industry will continue to increase. In the process, external demand will also promote the improvement and upgrading of the quality of machinery industry products.
(3) Energy resources constraints are strengthened
China has now become the world's largest energy consumer. At present, China's energy structure and utilization efficiency are very serious. With the continuous rapid growth of the economy for many years, the pace of urbanization is accelerating, China's energy demand will continue to increase, and the contradiction between supply and demand will become increasingly prominent. At the same time, the problems of high energy consumption, high pollution and high consumption in China's economy have intensified. Supply and demand contradictions and environmental pressures of energy and resources. To change this situation, we must not only improve China's energy and resource utilization efficiency, but also improve our economic growth quality, reduce unit energy consumption, and adopt a low-carbon development strategy. These require the support of advanced mechanical equipment, which will inevitably promote the structural adjustment and upgrading of mechanical products.
(4) Industry bottlenecks highlight the transformation
The “Twelfth Five-Year†machinery industry must accelerate the transformation of its development mode, shifting from relying excessively on energy consumption, resources and increasing environmental costs to relying more on technological innovation, management innovation and the quality of workers to achieve growth. Production mode strives to shift to energy-saving emission reduction and green manufacturing; product structure strives to upgrade to high-end products, industrial technology shifts to deep integration with new technologies such as information technology; business model shifts from selling products to selling services; driving mode from investment Pulling to the connotation-driven transformation; the growth point shifts from the traditional industry to the emerging industry.
Third, guiding ideology and development goals
(1) Guiding ideology
Fully implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, thoroughly implement the scientific development concept, adhere to the transformation of development mode as the main line, realize transformation and upgrading as the direction, actively promote the adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure of the machinery industry, in accordance with the "main focus on high-end, innovation-driven The overall requirements of strengthening the foundation, integrating the two technologies, and taking the green as the first, strive to improve the quality and efficiency of development, and accelerate the realization of the strategic goal of the whole industry from large to strong.
(II) Development strategy
1, the main attack high-end strategy
The first is to focus on high-tech products; the second is to promote the upgrading of traditional products to fine products; the third is to promote the high-end industrial structure.
2. Innovation-driven strategy
The "Twelfth Five-Year" machinery industry must be driven by excessive dependence on energy, resources and other factors, and shift to rely more on technological innovation, institutional mechanism management innovation and personnel quality to drive development. This is the "main attack high-end" success. key.
3. Strengthen the basic strategy
The “Twelfth Five-Year†machinery industry must do everything possible to strengthen the common basic fields of machinery, such as basic parts, basic technology and basic technology. On the issue of strengthening the foundation, it is necessary to break the division of the original industry. The main engine industry and the component industry should play their respective advantages, support each other and cooperate with each other.
4. Two-in-one integration strategy
The integration of informationization and industrialization is a powerful guarantee for the main high-end and strengthening foundation, and also an important way for the mechanical industry to transform its development mode. "Two-in-one integration" is not only to integrate information technology into mechanical products, to accelerate the development of digital and intelligent products, to improve the functions and reliability of traditional mechanical products, and to apply information technology to machinery enterprises. Management and management, making research and development, production and enterprise management to be informatized, automated and networked, and greatly improving the management level of enterprises; it is also to promote the establishment of new development concepts, promote research and development capabilities, product levels, market models and services. Innovative systems and other aspects enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of R&D, manufacturing, enterprise management and marketing services.
5, green as the first strategy
There are two main requirements for “green firstâ€: First, energy conservation and environmental protection must be the basic requirements that must be highly valued in the production process of the machinery industry during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period. Second, the “Twelfth Five-Year†machinery industry should actively develop high-efficiency and energy-saving products, vigorously develop new energy equipment, and provide advanced equipment for energy conservation, consumption reduction and emission reduction for users of all walks of life; at the same time, the design and manufacture of mechanical products should pay more attention to embodying life. Cycle green concept.
(3) Development goals
1. 2015 development goals
First, to maintain a stable and healthy development; second, the industry has made breakthroughs in high-end upgrading; third, the ability to independently innovate has been significantly enhanced; fourth, the industrial base has been initially consolidated; fifth, the level of "two-in-one integration" has increased significantly; and the sixth is to promote green manufacturing.
2. 2020 development goals
China's machinery industry has entered the ranks of world powers and is in a dominant position in international competition. The main signs are: the international market share of major products is in the top three in the world; it has mastered the core technologies of leading products and has a group of independent knowledge. The key products and well-known brands of property rights; the leading enterprises in key industries are among the top three in the world.
Fourth, key tasks
(1) Doing six key tasks
1. Promote the transformation of development mode
(1) Develop modern manufacturing service industry to realize the transformation from production-oriented manufacturing to service-oriented manufacturing;
(2) Promote energy conservation, emission reduction and emission reduction, from traditional manufacturing to green manufacturing;
(3) Actively promote the in-depth integration of informationization and industrialization, and transform and upgrade traditional industries;
(4) Accelerate mergers and acquisitions of enterprises and increase industrial concentration.
2. Optimize and adjust product structure
(1) Vigorously promote the autonomy of high-end equipment;
(2) Breaking through the bottleneck of key infrastructure components;
(3) Suppress the blind expansion of production capacity.
3. Enhance the ability of independent innovation
(1) Assisting relevant departments in implementing major science and technology projects;
(2) Promote product digitization and corporate information;
(3) Continue to promote the construction of the industry's science and technology innovation system;
(4) Strengthen the research on common technology of the industry;
(5) Improve and improve the product standard system;
4. Strengthen quality brand building
(1) Vigorously improve the quality of mechanical products;
(2) Establish and improve the product quality standard system;
(3) Implement quality projects and establish a good brand image.
5. Cultivate and develop emerging industries
To meet the needs of the country to “transform development methods, adjust industrial structure, improve people's livelihood, and promote reform and opening upâ€, and seize the strategic importance of fostering energy conservation and environmental protection, new generation information technology, biology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy, new materials, and new energy vehicles. Opportunities for emerging industries, vigorously develop high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment, high-grade basic components, new energy equipment, new energy vehicles, energy-saving environmental protection equipment, marine engineering equipment, modern agricultural equipment, industrial robots, modern manufacturing services and remanufacturing, etc. New growth point.
6. Improve the level of international cooperation
Use overseas resources and markets to improve the level of international cooperation in the machinery industry. Fully absorb the experience of overseas advanced management, selectively introduce advanced technology, actively introduce scientific and technological talents and strategic partners, create favorable conditions for overseas professional and technical personnel to return to work, and improve the technical level of China's machinery industry.
Focusing on enhancing competitiveness, optimizing resource allocation, and expanding market share, we will vigorously expand international cooperation, support conditional mergers and acquisitions of overseas enterprises and R&D institutions, encourage qualified enterprises to invest and build factories overseas, and make full use of overseas resources and market.
Stabilize and expand the export of equipment products, promote the improvement of export tax rebate policy, encourage financial institutions to increase the export of export credit funds, support domestic enterprises to undertake major foreign projects, drive the export of complete sets of equipment and construction machinery, and improve the technical content, added value and complete set of export products. .
(2) Main attack on five key areas
1. High-end equipment products
(1) Advanced and efficient power equipment;
(2) Large petrochemical equipment;
(3) Large metallurgical valves and mining equipment;
(4) Modern agricultural equipment;
(5) High-efficiency low-emission internal combustion engines;
(6) Digital, intelligent instrumentation and automatic control systems.
2. Emerging industry equipment
(1) New energy vehicles;
(2) New energy power generation equipment;
(3) Smart grid equipment;
(4) High-grade CNC machine tools and precision processing equipment;
(5) Intelligent printing equipment;
(6) Marine engineering equipment;
(7) Industrial robots and special robots;
(8) Large-scale intelligent engineering construction machinery;
(9) Energy-saving and environmental protection equipment.
3. Mechanical equipment for people's livelihood
(1) Safety emergency equipment;
(2) medical equipment;
(3) “Complete solutions†for the modern production and circulation of consumer goods;
(4) Modern office equipment.
4. Key basic products
(1) large and precision castings and forgings;
(2) Critical basic components;
(3) processing aids;
(4) Special high-quality special materials.
5. Basic technology and technology
(1) basic process;
(2) Basic technology.
V. Countermeasures
(1) Enhance the ability of independent innovation and improve the construction of support system
We will vigorously support the building of independent innovation capabilities of enterprises, guide the integration of innovation elements to enterprises, and form a good social atmosphere that encourages independent innovation from the aspects of system reform, mechanism improvement, policy support, personnel training, and work style construction.
Establish a diversified, multi-channel, multi-level independent innovation infrastructure capacity investment and financing system, give play to the guiding role of financial investment, and actively explore effective mechanisms for government funds to guide social capital investment. Raise funds through various forms, focus on supporting the basic commonality of machinery industry and key technology research, and focus on supporting the upgrading of traditional industries with high-tech transformation.
(2) Promoting industrial transformation and upgrading, and developing modern manufacturing services
Accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure, promote industrial transformation and upgrading, and drive the transformation of industrial development mode.
Taking the opportunity of vigorously developing strategic emerging industries, we will actively guide machinery enterprises to develop new industrial equipment, promote technological upgrading of traditional machinery manufacturing, and cultivate emerging industries in the field of machinery manufacturing.
Support the machinery industry from production-oriented manufacturing to service-oriented manufacturing. Encourage and support the service business carried out by machinery manufacturing enterprises to face the society and gradually socialize, research and formulate policies and measures conducive to the development of modern manufacturing services. Strengthen the regional planning and regional cooperation of the modern manufacturing service industry, and build service industry facilities and coordinate modern manufacturing service activities in accordance with the principle of sharing resources and mutual benefit.
(3) Stop the abuse of market dominance and regulate the market competition order
Breaking the unreasonable industry segmentation under the planned economic system, vigorously developing engineering contracting and equipment complete services, promoting the organic integration of production and demand, actively promoting cooperation and development in the manufacturing field and application field, and striving to master the key process flow and design specifications of various key user projects. And on this basis, master the initiative of equipment design, improve the design and manufacturing level of key equipment, and better meet the needs of users.
Operators with market dominance shall not abuse market dominance and exclude or restrict competition. In view of the fact that users with monopoly status are involved in the field of product manufacturing, the practice of setting up a second manufacturing system is not conducive to creating a fair competitive market environment, and it is easy to form a high barrier to entry for monopoly industry equipment procurement, which is not conducive to inspiring independent innovation of social equipment manufacturing enterprises. Enthusiasm, it is strongly recommended that administrations issue clear limits to them.
(4) Support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and build a public service platform
Explore the establishment of the SME Development Fund for the Machinery Industry and encourage featured professional enterprises to list and finance in the capital markets such as the ChiNext and SME Board. Increase investment in key basic supporting enterprises, guide private capital and foreign investment in the field of basic parts and components, develop a number of "specialized, precise and special" supporting enterprises, and improve the industrial supporting system. In order to accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productivity, and to provide socialized public services for the technological R&D activities of various small and medium-sized enterprises, we will build a technical service system for the whole society.
(5) Guiding the rational layout of the industry and promoting the coordinated development of the region
We will make overall plans for industrial development in various regions, promote the gradient transfer of equipment manufacturing in the coastal areas to the central and western regions in an orderly manner, avoid duplication of homogeneity, and promote the coordinated development of the machinery industry. We will increase support for the central and western regions, give appropriate policy inclinations, vigorously support the technological transformation of the old industrial bases in the northeast and the development of characteristic industries in the western regions, and form unique industrial bases. Strengthen industry early warning, curb overcapacity caused by excessive investment, and use market mechanism to eliminate backward production capacity.
(6) Implementing energy conservation and emission reduction policies and promoting the development of related equipment
Vigorously develop a green economy, a low-carbon economy and a circular economy, promote economic transformation with green development, develop green industries, develop technologies that save, replace, recycle and reduce pollution, and minimize pollutant emissions. Formulate incentive policies for fiscal, taxation, finance, and price that promote the development of a green economy and a low-carbon economy, and provide appropriate subsidies to end users who purchase energy-efficient and energy-reducing equipment products to stimulate the development of related equipment.
(7) Strengthening the construction of the talent team and consolidating the foundation for sustainable development
Vigorously cultivate and encourage the introduction of innovative R & D design talents, pioneering management and management talents, senior skills and other professional talents, strengthen staff training, improve the quality of the workforce, and meet the sustainable development needs of enterprises. Strengthen the construction of mechanical disciplines in colleges and universities, promote the cultivation of mechanical professional and technical personnel in the form of a combination of production, education and research, and increase the reserve of professional and technical personnel in the machinery industry. Encourage the promotion of the level of treatment of professionals such as entrepreneurs, senior managers, R&D personnel and senior technicians, and promote technological innovation, management innovation and business model innovation.
(8) Improve the overall coordination mechanism and improve the management of the machinery industry
Strengthen coordination among various government departments in the implementation of the plan, establish a coordination system for departmental consultation, and make overall plans, overall layout, separate implementation, and coordinated promotion. Establish coordination mechanisms for major technical equipment across regions, industries and departments, coordinate the formulation of relevant policies for machinery industry, organize and coordinate joint research on major technical equipment, organize and implement supporting projects, and promote the promotion and application of major domestic technical equipment in national key construction projects. . Break the boundaries between government departments at all levels and strengthen the coordination and management capabilities of the industrial sector.
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