(1) Rice planthopper (Whitebacked Flycatcher and Brown Planthopper)
1. Pest identification and occurrence characteristics
The rice planthoppers are commonly known as "scorpion" and "Tianwu". They are migratory pests and are the main pests on rice in our city. They often burst into disasters and cause great losses. Rice planthoppers like to concentrate on the shade and wet parts of rice plants, and suck the rice juice, so that the rice grows poorly, the stems become black and soft, and when the amount of insects is large, the dead stalks of rice fall. There are two kinds of rice planthoppers, such as white-backed planthopper and brown planthopper, which occur in our city.
(1) White-backed flying dragonfly. It is a major pest that occurs mainly in our city all year round. The white-backed cockroach has a smaller body shape (know). The adult body is only 4 mm long. It is less than a grain of rice. The body color is yellowish white or dark brown. The newly hatched nymph is only the size of the needle tip. The nymph is about 2 mm long. The white-backed locusts migrated from the south into the city from May to June every year, and began to breed and harm. If there is more rain in May-June, the time is more concentrated, which is conducive to the migration of rice locusts. Generally, there are two periods of heavy damage from late June to early July and mid-to-late July. If there is drought in July, the microclimate in the field will be hot and humid, which will help the insects to breed and cause rice yellow pond.
(2) Brown planthopper. It occurs in the interstitial years of our city. The size of the brown planthopper is similar to that of the white-backed planthopper, and the body color is brown. It is generally moved into the city from late July to early August, and the field is heavy in mid-August. Damaged by brown planthoppers, it often causes rice to form a group, and the pieces fall and fall, also known as "wearing through", which is very harmful.
2, prevention methods: (1) strengthen the management of fertilizer and water in the field, to prevent the late greedy young, shallow water and dip, appropriate sun drying, reduce field humidity. (2) Do a good job of measuring reports and strengthen the observation of insects in the field. Control should be taken immediately when the prevention and control indicators are reached. The control indicators are: white backed planthoppers have more than 1000 insects on hundreds of rice, and brown planthoppers have more than 500 insects on the hundred bushes from the booting to the heading stage. (3) It is best to use a motorized sprayer to carry out large-scale joint prevention and control, to quickly extinguish, improve the effect, and save investment. (4) It is forbidden to use highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides . It is necessary to use high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides to protect natural enemies in rice fields. At the same time, it is forbidden to use pyrethroid pesticides such as enemy killing, quick killing, killing and killing. Such pesticides will cause the occurrence of rice planthoppers. (5) Prevention and treatment of drug agents: In the peak period of small nymphs, 20% of the WP can be used for 20-25 grams, 10% of the yam powder can be wetted powder 200-250 grams, 25% of the thiazinone WP (25%) Youle) 5-7.5 grams, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder (Da Gongchen) 10-20 grams, 90% insecticidal single powder 35-40 grams, etc., optional 50-60 kg spray with water, key spray Rice base. If using a motorized sprayer, the dosage of the acre is reduced by 1/3, and the amount of the drug per acre is 22 kilograms (two boxes of medicine).
(2) Rice leaf roller
1. Identification and occurrence characteristics of pests: The rice leafworms are called leaf-covered insects, leaf-rolling insects, and shaving worms. They are migratory pests and are the main pests on rice in our city. Every year from May to June, the city has moved into the breeding hazard. Generally, there are two serious hazards in the period from late June to early July and late July to early August. The adult of the rice leaf roller is a yellow moth with a body length of 8 mm and black stripes on the wings. The larva is a light green long-shaped small worm (3-5-year-old larvae 1.2-2 cm in length), larvae The silk is rolled up longitudinally to form the insects, hiding in the insects to eat the mesophyll, which makes the insects turn pale. When the big occurrence occurs, the rice fields are white and the loss is great. The rice leaf roller larvae are flexible and, when they are alarmed, immediately recede or fall off the ground. The larvae are divided into 5th instar, the 1st instar larvae are small, the head is black, the head becomes brown after 2nd instar, the body is yellow-green, the food is large after 3rd age, and the damage is heavy. A larva can harm 5-6 rice leaves in life. In the evening, the plant is damaged. It is generally rainy from May to June, which is conducive to the adult insects moving from the southern insect source to the city. The fog is much more, the humidity is more favorable for pests, and the green rice fields are seriously damaged.
2, prevention and treatment methods: (1) rational fertilization, do not apply late nitrogen fertilizer, shallow water irrigation, strengthen field management, promote healthy rice growth, reduce damage. (2) Strengthen the observation of insects. The control indicators are: when there are more than 15 new insects per 100 bushes of rice, or the peak of 2-3 instar larvae, or 10,000 heads per acre in rice tillering stage; 8,000 heads per mu of ear, the amount of eggs per mu 10,000 tablets. Master the prevention and control of larvae before the age of 3. (3) It is forbidden to use highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides and use low-toxic and high-efficiency pesticides to protect natural enemies. (4) Chemical control: 50-100 grams of insecticidal double water agent, 100-150 grams of bt emulsion, 20 ml of 5% ruthenium plastic suspending agent, 35 g of insecticidal single powder, etc. One type of water spray 50-60 kg, when using a motorized sprayer, the amount of mud used is 22 kg (two boxes). It is best to apply the pesticide when the larvae come out from the worms and return to the plant.
(3) Rice aphids (sorghum, sorghum, sorghum)
1. Pest identification and occurrence characteristics
Rice aphids, commonly known as borer worms, are important pests that affect rice production in our city, mainly including stem borer, stem borer, and daid. The mites and cockroaches occur in all parts of the city all year round, and the damage is heavier. Sanhua 螟 Xi Wen, occurred only in rice fields in low-lying areas such as Qingchi Yachi River and Xiuwen Liuguang.
(1) Chilo suppressor: causing rice to die (heart leaves dead), dead sheath, white spikes, is one of the main pests in our city, occurring all year round. The adult mites (moths) are 1-1.5 cm long. The larvae are light brown long-shaped small worms with 5 dark brown longitudinal lines on the back and 2 cm long after 4 years old. The larvae harm the rice, and the newly hatched larvae are concentrated on the inner side of the leaf sheath, causing the leaf sheath to change into a thin sheath. After 2-3 years of age, the larvae are scattered and drilled into the rice stalk, and the affected rice stem has holes and pores. There is very little feces, and there are many yellow worms in the stem. A larva can harm 8-10 rice in a lifetime, causing the rice to be dried and white, and the mature larvae are phlegded in the stem. The city has two generations a year, the first generation caused a heart and a sheath, and the second generation caused a white ear. The mites and larvae overwinter in the straw and in the rice piles, and continue to breed again in the coming year.
(2) Sanhua cockroaches: The hazard characteristics are similar to those of Chilo suppressalis, causing heart, dead sheath and white spikes. The larva is milky white or yellowish green with a transparent vertical line on the back. The affected rice plants have small intrusion holes, no insects outside the holes, and white granules in the stems. The larvae overwinter in the rice piles.
(3) Daxie: The occurrence of hazard characteristics is similar to that of sputum, causing heart, dead sheath and white ear. It occurs in the city all year round, eating miscellaneous, but also harming corn, whitening and so on. The larvae are reddish-brown or dark brown, with a yellowish chest and abdomen, a purplish red color on the back, and a larger worm. I like to be close to the edge of the field. Generally, rice is seriously damaged within 2 meters of Tiankan. The pupil is relatively large, there is a large amount of worm droppings, and the clustering is strong. There are often several to dozens of larvae in a rice stalk. The larvae overwinter on straw, rice piles, weeds or topsoil.
2, prevention methods: (1) After the rice is harvested, the straw is picked out from the rice fields, exposed for a few days, killing the aphids in the straw. (2) Eliminate weeds in the field in the spring and reduce the source of overwintering insects. (3) Before cultivating the land, the irrigation water kills the cockroaches in the soil, and the paddy field is filled with water 10-20 cm deep for 3-4 days, then the rice fields are ploughed. (4) Strengthen pest monitoring and master control indicators. When the rate of heart rate or white ear rate reaches 1%, it is necessary to carry out chemical control, or when the rice is broken 5-10%, the application is to prevent white ear. The control period is suitable when 50% of the larvae hatch. (5) Chemical control: 25% insecticidal double water agent 200-250 ml, 80% insecticidal single powder 35-40 g, 90% crystal trichlorfon 100-200 g, 40% dimethoate 100 g, 20% triazophos emulsifiable concentrate 100 ml, 5% fipronil suspension 30 ml, etc., optionally a spray of 50-60 kg of water. You can also use 25% insecticidal double water agent 200-250 ml, 5% insecticidal double granules 1-1.5 kg, and optionally mix with 20 kg of moist fine soil, sprinkle it in rice fields, keep 3-5 The shallow water layer of centimeters is 3-5 days.
(4) Rice stalk flies
1. Pest identification and occurrence characteristics: Also known as rice straw stalk, it is the main pest on the rice in the cold area of ​​our city. The adult is a fresh yellow fly with a body length of about 3 mm. The larva is a spindle-shaped worm, the body is white to pale yellow, and the tail is bifurcated and 6-7 mm long. Rice stalk flies into rice stems with larvae to damage rice heart leaves, growth points and young ears. In the seedling stage, the growing heart leaves have elliptical or long-shaped small holes, and then develop into long slits, which break the leaves, and the new leaves grow badly when the damage is serious. After the young ears are damaged, the extracted ears are twisted, short, and the spikes are incomplete or appear white spikes. Generally, the mountains in the damp and wet areas are heavy, and the warm winter and summer are good for the rice stalk flies, and the larvae overwinter on the grass weeds.
2, prevention methods: (1) in winter to remove weeds in the edge of the ditch, reduce the source of overwintering insects. In the Daejeon period, the shallow water is digested, and the field is dried in time to reduce the damage. (2) Pharmacy control: adult germination period, egg gestation period is suitable for prevention and control, or when 3-4 heads per square meter of stalked worms or 1-2 heads per 100 plexes of rice in the field . 100% 200% crystal trichlorfon 100-200 grams, 50% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate 100 grams, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder (Da Gongchen) 10-20 grams, 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate 50 grams, 40% dimethoate 50 Gram, choose a kind of water 50-60 kg spray.
(5) Zhonghua Rice
1. Pest identification and occurrence characteristics: Chinese rice cultivars, commonly known as grasshoppers, are the main pests on rice in our city. Adult larvae are 3-4 cm in length, all green, sometimes with a tan. The nymphs are called scorpion, green, and are divided into 5 years old. Before the 3rd instar, they eat weeds and young leaves next to the fields, the ground, and the ditch. After 3 years of age, they enter rice fields to eat rice. The adults and nymphs of rice blasts bite into leaves, and when they are severe, they eat the leaves. In the late stage of rice growth, rice blasts also bite off rice ears and take grain damage. Generally, the fields near the ditch, the riverside, the barren hills, and the villages near the villages are heavier. Rice cultivars overwinter in the fields of fields and ditch, and the eggs in the next year are hatched and then moved to the fields, the ditch, the wasteland, etc., and the rice fields are harmed from June to July.
2, prevention and treatment methods: (1) clean the pastoral, rice blast like to lay eggs in the field, the ground, the ditch, etc., to shovel the field, clear the ditch, remove weeds, can significantly reduce the occurrence of rice blast. (2) Protect natural enemies. Natural enemies such as frogs, spiders, crickets, crickets and birds can prey on rice blasts. Low-toxic pesticides should be used, and high-toxic pesticides are prohibited. (3) Chemical control: Before the age of 3 (about 6 to 7 months), grasp the characteristics of rice pupa concentrated in the field, the ground, and the ditch, and carry out surprise and drug fight against these places. After the rice blast enters the rice field, when there are more than 10 rice cultivars in the 100 rice cultivars, it is better to spray from the middle of the rice field on the sunny morning or after 4 pm. Can use 90% crystal trichlorfon 100-200 grams per acre, 80% dichlorvos EC 50-80 grams, 40% dimethoate 30-40 grams, 40% phoxim EC 40 grams, etc., optional water 50-60 kg spray.
(6) Rice negative mud worm
1. Pest identification and occurrence characteristics: commonly known as back aphids, swine mites, red-headed worms. The rice fields in the mountainous areas of our city are relatively heavy. Adults are small beetles that are about 4 mm long. The larvae are spindle-shaped, 4-5 mm long, with a back bulge and a middle bulge. The gray-yellow to dark green faeces are piled on the back, so it is called "back locust", and the rice leaves are like a mud or like feces. The same thing is the negative mud worm. Adults and larvae feed on the leaf flesh of rice leaves, causing the leaves to form white streaks. When the amount of insects is large, the leaves only leave a layer of transparent epidermis, and the whole leaves are white and dry, and the whole plant is dead in severe cases. Negative worms overwinter with adult worms on the edge of the field, on the weeds along the ditch and in the soil.
2, prevention and treatment methods: (1) clean the pastoral. In winter, weeds are removed from weeds in the fields, ditch and other places to eliminate the insect source in winter. (2) Drain the field water, apply 30-40 kg of lime powder per acre, and then sweep the larvae on the rice leaf to the field. Or when the morning dew is not dry, use the cockroach to sweep the larva into the field and then paste it into the mud. (3) The occurrence of heavy rice fields in mountainous areas requires strengthening chemical control. In the 1-2 years of larvae (when the hazard begins to occur), the use of 90% crystal trichlorfon 100-200 grams, 25% quetiapine emulsifiable concentrate 25-30 grams, 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 40 grams, 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate is used in 50-80 ml, etc., optionally with a spray of 50-60 kg of water. If the amount of insects is large, prevent it once every 10 days after application.
(7) Rice aphids
1. Identification and occurrence characteristics of pests: Rice locusts are known as rice cultivars, which are on the rise in our city. The adult is a dark brown butterfly with 7-8 translucent white spots on the front wings, arranged in a semi-annular shape. The larvae are long-shaped small worms, 2-3 cm long, with a light brown-yellow head. The front of the head has a "w"-shaped brown line in the center, a yellow-green body, and a dark green line on the back. The larvae spun to sew several pieces of rice leaves together to form a cylindrical, vertical-rolled worm, and the larvae hide in the worms to feed. When the amount of insects is large, the rice is eaten as a brush. Rice locusts overwinter with larvae or pupa on the weeds in the fields, ditch and other places. Generally, the temperature in winter and spring is low, or the rainfall is large in June and July, and the rainy days are more, and the rice mites will be heavier.
2, prevention and treatment methods: (1) clean the pastoral. Winter and spring eradication of weeds in the edge of the field, ditch, and eliminate the larvae and pupa of wintering. (2) When the amount is small, the insects are manually picked and the larvae are eliminated. (3) It is forbidden to apply high-toxic pesticides to protect natural enemies such as parasitic wasps and mites. (4) Chemical control: When there are 10-15 heads per 100 bushes of rice, the larvae are applied at a young age. Mu with 90% crystal trichlorfon 100 g + washing powder 25 g, 50% chlorpyrifos EC 125 ml, 80% dichlorvos EC 75-100 ml, optionally a 50-60 kg spray with water.
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