Winter wheat leaf fertilization experience

In the spring of 2010, Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places in China's main winter wheat producing areas suffered from persistently low temperatures, and the lack of rain and light was unfavorable for the normal growth of wheat seedlings after greening. According to the previous analysis, the growth period of winter wheat in the current year is delayed by 7-10 days than normal. For example, premature aging may lead to shortening of the grain filling period of wheat, which is to reduce the 1000-grain weight. In order to alleviate the impact of disaster weather, the Ministry of Agriculture and local agricultural technicians attach great importance to and strengthen the management of wheat in the middle and late stages of fertilization, aiming at the characteristics and contradictions of the decline of water absorption capacity of roots in the late stage of wheat, and grasping the poplar-grouting wheat In the critical period of production formation, the technical measures of “one spray and three defenses” were widely promoted. That is, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea on the foliar surface, supplementing the loss caused by the decline of the root system in the later stage by supplying nutrients to the wheat leaf surface, delaying the senescence of the wheat plant, reducing the dry hot wind, increasing the grain filling intensity of the wheat, and increasing the grain. Heavy, thus maintaining the yield of technology. According to the field measurement and statistics of local agricultural science institutes, the technology has been promoted to more than 100 million mu in the same year. The number of wheat 1000-grain weight in many wheat areas to mature harvest has increased by more than 1 gram on average, which has generally overcome the reduction of production and obtained winter wheat for the disaster year. Large-area production support provides technical support. Because of this, in 2011, in the absence of obvious disasters, the agricultural sector still promoted this technology in some high-yielding wheat areas, and the production practice proved to be positive.

Through two years of production application effects, it is recommended that:

1. In the double-high wheat production system, the late growth of poplar-grout is crucial for ensuring yield. Post-water and fertilizer management cannot be relaxed. Especially for the modern high-yield species, the later water and fertilizer management is the key to high yield. As the farmer said: “There are many wheat harvests, and the spikes and spikes are full of seeds”, indicating that the later water and fertilizer management is critical to the formation of yield. Whether it is the emergence of prosperous green or premature aging, both will lead to a reduction in production. At this time, the goal of water and fertilizer management is to maintain the vitality of the root system, extend the functional period of the leaves, and promote the photosynthetic products to the grain, and strive for the grain weight. Since the decline of root activity in the later period is the trend of regularity, opening the extra-root replenishment pathway is the correct choice for strengthening the later nutrition regulation. The leaf area is large at the later stage, and the nutrient is directly supplied through foliar fertilization to avoid the fixation and degradation of nutrients in the soil. Therefore, nutrient use efficiency is higher than soil fertilization.

2. Under the condition of deteriorating climate abnormal environment, it is necessary to strive for the double height of wheat. In addition to root fertilization, it should also fully utilize the foliar fertilization technology, especially in the rhizosphere where the surface soil layer is dry and there is no irrigation condition during high temperature and dry season. The effective nutrient transport of the soil is not smooth; or in the special case where the water is accumulated and the roots of the crop are dehydrated, resulting in the crop not being able to absorb nutrients normally, the method of foliar fertilization should be adopted.

3. Foliar fertilization in winter wheat as a routine measure of double-high production system, generally for the wheat field with large population of normal seedlings, in order to prevent the lodging caused by dry hot air in the later stage, spraying 2~3 times after flowering-filling period, Containing 1%~2% of fulvic acid, 0.5%~1% urea and 0.2%~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture. In areas where there is demand, the ingredients of wheat leaf fertilization in later stage are also Boron fertilizer and silicon fertilizer can be added.

In short, the rational use of leaf fertilizer is beneficial to protect the 1000-grain weight of wheat, and by adjusting the transpiration, increasing the adaptability of the plant to dry hot air, reducing the lodging caused by dry hot air before harvest, is conducive to stable production.

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