At the 8th China International Clean Energy Expo held on March 29th, solar photovoltaic and light heat museums, distributed natural gas and waste heat pipes, smart grids and electric vehicle charging halls were crowded and extraordinarily lively. Also as a member of the clean energy family, the Biomass Energy Pavilion has been slightly deserted outside of the excitement.
China's biomass energy has always been regarded as a “big take†in clean energy due to its abundant resources, low carbon cleanliness and good economy. However, for many years, the utilization and industrialization of biomass energy in China has been difficult to match its “Da Na†identity. What kind of mystery is hidden in this? The development of two major related industries, namely biomass fuel and biomass-formed fuel boiler heating, may be a glimpse.
In the context of the depletion of traditional energy sources, biomass energy is considered to be an ideal alternative energy source due to its clean, low-carbon, and renewable nature. It is regarded as the “fourth largest†in addition to coal, oil and natural gas. energy. In recent years, countries around the world have increased their emphasis on biomass energy. Among them, Sweden and Brazil are the most prominent. It is understood that the contribution of bioenergy to renewable energy in these two countries reached 34% and 25% respectively.
China is a large agricultural country. As a biomass resource, forestry fuel and crop straw are abundant, and the potential for developing biomass energy is also very impressive. According to China's "Renewable Energy Medium and Long-term Development Plan" statistics, China's biomass resources can be converted into energy potential of about 1 billion tons of standard coal.
Lagging industrial policy
In fact, China has also given certain policy inclinations in the utilization of biomass energy, promoting technologies such as gasification, liquefaction, pyrolysis and solidification of biomass energy, and promoting biodiesel, fuel ethanol, biofuel, biogas, biomass. Carbon and molding fuels for applications in power generation, heating and transportation. For example, the Renewable Energy Law (Amendment), passed in 2005, proposes to encourage the clean and efficient development and utilization of biomass fuels and encourage the development of energy crops. Encourage the gas and heat of biomass resource production, and access the urban pipe network; the Interim Measures for the Administration of Special Funds for Renewable Energy Development announced in 2006, using biodiesel as a substitute for renewable energy development and utilization products, giving key support. However, due to the complexity and particularity of the development of biomass energy, the effect is difficult to show. It is understood that biomass energy related to several major industries, biomass power generation, biofuels, biomass fuel boiler heating, etc., not only small scale, but most companies in the industry are still at a loss.
“In order to promote the healthy development of biodiesel in China, the National Development and Reform Commission initiated the construction of the “National Biodiesel Demonstration Project†in 2008 to explore relevant support policies for the development of biodiesel benign development; Diesel policy of giving VAT first and then returning; in 2010, the policy of exempting consumption tax on biodiesel produced from waste oil was given. But the most important "Biodiesel Industry Development Policy" (hereinafter referred to as "industrial policy") until 2014 It was only issued in the year. Therefore, in this process, the operation of biofuel companies is very irregular,†said Sun Shanlin, the head of the National Biodiesel Working Group.
The promulgation of the industrial policy in 2014 set the direction for the development of the industry. However, due to the short introduction time, the policy lacks detailed rules in the implementation process, the pertinence is not strong, not specific, and lacks support for the biodiesel industry chain. "In the past few years, the state has given a lot of subsidies for clean energy, but only the subsidies for the bio-fuel industry. It can be said that the bio-fuel industry has developed on its own for more than a decade," Sun Shanlin said. However, he also believes that subsidies are not the most important. "The most important thing is to open up the industry." It is understood that, on the one hand, due to the limitations of performance appraisal, the promotion of biodiesel can not only bring economic benefits to refined oil sales enterprises. On the contrary, it has to bear the unfavorable factors such as the promotion of biodiesel promotion, the labeling of fuel dispensers and the risk of unqualified oil quality. Therefore, the oil companies of the three major oil companies are not motivated. On the other hand, considering the monopoly position of the sales of refined oil products of the three major oil companies, the local energy sector is not motivated to implement industrial policies. “Industrial policies are not binding on the relevant units, and it is impossible to establish a work coordination mechanism. The various departments are pushing each other and the biodiesel producers lack the right to speak.â€
Mainstream refined oil market is difficult to enter
The foreign bio-fuel industry uses soybean oil, rapeseed oil and palm oil as the main raw materials. In China, the red line of “not competing with people and not competing with grain†has taken out a waste oil as the main raw material and has Chinese characteristics. The road to biodiesel development. It is also such a characteristic that China's biodiesel industry is mainly dominated by small and medium-sized private enterprises, and the process technology is mainly developed independently by domestic research units. In addition, due to the lack of uniform construction, production and safety standards in the biodiesel industry, the construction and operation of the biodiesel industry is uneven.
In addition, due to the difficulty in entering the mainstream refined oil market, biofuels are mostly sold in private.
Private refined oil companies purchase biodiesel at a price lower than diesel and then sell it in diesel, earning a difference. This has created a unique market phenomenon for biodiesel in China: first, lack of supervision, market chaos, and poor product quality; secondly, biodiesel producers have low margins; third, biodiesel is in awkward situation.
"The most effective product that can effectively control the flow of oil into the dining table and the National Renewable Energy Law, which can effectively reduce the emission of particulate matter from diesel engines and reduce the wear and tear of diesel engines, has become a cheap commodity in China. Black market goods." Sun Shanlin said. In Europe, the price of biodiesel is 100-200 euros/ton higher than that of ordinary diesel, but it is lower than 800-1000 yuan/ton in ordinary diesel in China.
Low-priced sales are the beginning of a vicious circle of industrial development. The profits of production enterprises are low or even loss, making it difficult for enterprises to increase funds for technological upgrading.
At the same time, the support given by the state through tax incentives has not played a role, but has been encroached by the circulation link in the form of low-cost purchases.
Management innovation is the way out
"China's biodiesel industry is different from other new energy industries. It cannot be completely managed by the experience of other energy industries. It is necessary to carry out management innovation and find new methods suitable for the development of biodiesel in China." Sun Shanlin believes that to promote the development of the biodiesel industry, It is still necessary to improve industrial policies and promote biodiesel into the mainstream market as soon as possible.
Second, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation with the fiscal and taxation departments and improve the efficiency of implementation of support policies. “The Ministry of Finance has given great support to the biodiesel industry. It has cancelled the product consumption tax and refunded the value-added tax. However, last year, without fully consulting the industry, the VAT rebate rate was suddenly reduced to 70%. .
As China's biodiesel industry purchases more raw materials, this will increase the production cost per ton of biodiesel by about 250 yuan. In the current situation that the current products can not enter the formal market and the prices of refined oil products fall continuously, the biodiesel industry has fallen into the trap. The most difficult period in history. Sun Shanlin suggested that in combination with industrial policies, it is necessary to do a good job in policy implementation; restore the value-added tax return to 100%, and gradually reduce the proportion as the product enters the refined oil sales network.
China's biomass energy has always been regarded as a “big take†in clean energy due to its abundant resources, low carbon cleanliness and good economy. However, for many years, the utilization and industrialization of biomass energy in China has been difficult to match its “Da Na†identity. What kind of mystery is hidden in this? The development of two major related industries, namely biomass fuel and biomass-formed fuel boiler heating, may be a glimpse.
In the context of the depletion of traditional energy sources, biomass energy is considered to be an ideal alternative energy source due to its clean, low-carbon, and renewable nature. It is regarded as the “fourth largest†in addition to coal, oil and natural gas. energy. In recent years, countries around the world have increased their emphasis on biomass energy. Among them, Sweden and Brazil are the most prominent. It is understood that the contribution of bioenergy to renewable energy in these two countries reached 34% and 25% respectively.
China is a large agricultural country. As a biomass resource, forestry fuel and crop straw are abundant, and the potential for developing biomass energy is also very impressive. According to China's "Renewable Energy Medium and Long-term Development Plan" statistics, China's biomass resources can be converted into energy potential of about 1 billion tons of standard coal.
Lagging industrial policy
In fact, China has also given certain policy inclinations in the utilization of biomass energy, promoting technologies such as gasification, liquefaction, pyrolysis and solidification of biomass energy, and promoting biodiesel, fuel ethanol, biofuel, biogas, biomass. Carbon and molding fuels for applications in power generation, heating and transportation. For example, the Renewable Energy Law (Amendment), passed in 2005, proposes to encourage the clean and efficient development and utilization of biomass fuels and encourage the development of energy crops. Encourage the gas and heat of biomass resource production, and access the urban pipe network; the Interim Measures for the Administration of Special Funds for Renewable Energy Development announced in 2006, using biodiesel as a substitute for renewable energy development and utilization products, giving key support. However, due to the complexity and particularity of the development of biomass energy, the effect is difficult to show. It is understood that biomass energy related to several major industries, biomass power generation, biofuels, biomass fuel boiler heating, etc., not only small scale, but most companies in the industry are still at a loss.
“In order to promote the healthy development of biodiesel in China, the National Development and Reform Commission initiated the construction of the “National Biodiesel Demonstration Project†in 2008 to explore relevant support policies for the development of biodiesel benign development; Diesel policy of giving VAT first and then returning; in 2010, the policy of exempting consumption tax on biodiesel produced from waste oil was given. But the most important "Biodiesel Industry Development Policy" (hereinafter referred to as "industrial policy") until 2014 It was only issued in the year. Therefore, in this process, the operation of biofuel companies is very irregular,†said Sun Shanlin, the head of the National Biodiesel Working Group.
The promulgation of the industrial policy in 2014 set the direction for the development of the industry. However, due to the short introduction time, the policy lacks detailed rules in the implementation process, the pertinence is not strong, not specific, and lacks support for the biodiesel industry chain. "In the past few years, the state has given a lot of subsidies for clean energy, but only the subsidies for the bio-fuel industry. It can be said that the bio-fuel industry has developed on its own for more than a decade," Sun Shanlin said. However, he also believes that subsidies are not the most important. "The most important thing is to open up the industry." It is understood that, on the one hand, due to the limitations of performance appraisal, the promotion of biodiesel can not only bring economic benefits to refined oil sales enterprises. On the contrary, it has to bear the unfavorable factors such as the promotion of biodiesel promotion, the labeling of fuel dispensers and the risk of unqualified oil quality. Therefore, the oil companies of the three major oil companies are not motivated. On the other hand, considering the monopoly position of the sales of refined oil products of the three major oil companies, the local energy sector is not motivated to implement industrial policies. “Industrial policies are not binding on the relevant units, and it is impossible to establish a work coordination mechanism. The various departments are pushing each other and the biodiesel producers lack the right to speak.â€
Mainstream refined oil market is difficult to enter
The foreign bio-fuel industry uses soybean oil, rapeseed oil and palm oil as the main raw materials. In China, the red line of “not competing with people and not competing with grain†has taken out a waste oil as the main raw material and has Chinese characteristics. The road to biodiesel development. It is also such a characteristic that China's biodiesel industry is mainly dominated by small and medium-sized private enterprises, and the process technology is mainly developed independently by domestic research units. In addition, due to the lack of uniform construction, production and safety standards in the biodiesel industry, the construction and operation of the biodiesel industry is uneven.
In addition, due to the difficulty in entering the mainstream refined oil market, biofuels are mostly sold in private.
Private refined oil companies purchase biodiesel at a price lower than diesel and then sell it in diesel, earning a difference. This has created a unique market phenomenon for biodiesel in China: first, lack of supervision, market chaos, and poor product quality; secondly, biodiesel producers have low margins; third, biodiesel is in awkward situation.
"The most effective product that can effectively control the flow of oil into the dining table and the National Renewable Energy Law, which can effectively reduce the emission of particulate matter from diesel engines and reduce the wear and tear of diesel engines, has become a cheap commodity in China. Black market goods." Sun Shanlin said. In Europe, the price of biodiesel is 100-200 euros/ton higher than that of ordinary diesel, but it is lower than 800-1000 yuan/ton in ordinary diesel in China.
Low-priced sales are the beginning of a vicious circle of industrial development. The profits of production enterprises are low or even loss, making it difficult for enterprises to increase funds for technological upgrading.
At the same time, the support given by the state through tax incentives has not played a role, but has been encroached by the circulation link in the form of low-cost purchases.
Management innovation is the way out
"China's biodiesel industry is different from other new energy industries. It cannot be completely managed by the experience of other energy industries. It is necessary to carry out management innovation and find new methods suitable for the development of biodiesel in China." Sun Shanlin believes that to promote the development of the biodiesel industry, It is still necessary to improve industrial policies and promote biodiesel into the mainstream market as soon as possible.
Second, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation with the fiscal and taxation departments and improve the efficiency of implementation of support policies. “The Ministry of Finance has given great support to the biodiesel industry. It has cancelled the product consumption tax and refunded the value-added tax. However, last year, without fully consulting the industry, the VAT rebate rate was suddenly reduced to 70%. .
As China's biodiesel industry purchases more raw materials, this will increase the production cost per ton of biodiesel by about 250 yuan. In the current situation that the current products can not enter the formal market and the prices of refined oil products fall continuously, the biodiesel industry has fallen into the trap. The most difficult period in history. Sun Shanlin suggested that in combination with industrial policies, it is necessary to do a good job in policy implementation; restore the value-added tax return to 100%, and gradually reduce the proportion as the product enters the refined oil sales network.
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