With the development of stone conservation engineering practice, the maintenance technology is greatly enriched. Conservation theory is also emerging. Various theories are based on the analysis and answering of various problems and phenomena in the practice of conservation, which have their rationality and applicability, as well as their one-sidedness and restriction. In the recent practice of stone conservation, some new problems have emerged, and some new ideas have been formed, which are summarized as follows.
1, stone protection should be suitable for garden materials, construction due to materials
In the engineering practice, it will be found that the protective agent has poor protection effect on some varieties of stone. Excluding improper construction and production failure, the most likely reason is that the correct stone chemicals are not used for protection. For example, granite and marble have different formulas for their mineral composition and chemical composition. Even the same type of stone will increase or decrease the concentration of silicone resin due to differences in density and chemical composition. For example, the concentration of silicone resin in sandstone protectants will be higher, and the concentration of silicone resin in granite or marble protectants with higher hardness and density will be lower. Therefore, in the construction of stone conservation, it must be adapted to the material, and it must be constructed according to the material. Different chemicals and different construction techniques are selected for different stone materials. This further illustrates the need to establish a stone conservation database. It is like compiling a dictionary or encyclopedia of stone conservation. By checking the selection of the correct chemicals and construction methods before the maintenance and construction, and taking the medicine according to the prescription, not only the effect can be significant, but also the annual production cost can be saved.
2, not all natural stone needs protection
If it is only waterproof and anti-alkali, some high-hardness, high-density stone in the ten-hanging construction can not be protected. This also applies to some coarse-grained granite. For example, in the igneous rock, the coarse-grained magmatic rock obtained by slow cooling has a large amount of quartz. This low-density quartz surface water and other pollutants are infiltrated. The theory was confirmed and recognized by Maurizio, a conservation expert at the International Stone Association of the United States. Which materials need to be protected from which stones are not needed, the test method is to drip water under the polished surface of marble or to drop vinegar on the polished surface of granite. If the waterless spots or vinegar spots remain after 5 minutes, the variety of marble or granite Can not do protection. This is basically the case with the “Hua’an Jade†marble from Fujian.
3, natural stone floor paving does not need to use smooth stone, after the roughing of the rough surface, and then artificial maintenance
Now the floor paving is to choose the smooth paving of the smooth stone, and then to find the flat and renovate, which is equivalent to repeating the polishing process, and the cost is higher. The correct way is to choose the smooth surface of the stone, then buy the matte specification board, and then paving, leveling, refurbishing and curing. This can greatly reduce costs. This method has long been used in engineering practice in foreign countries, and has not yet formed an application in China, mainly because of the disconnection between stone consumers and construction companies, which is inconsistent in concept. The high cost is entirely borne by the consumer.
Although there are many advantages, this method is generally only suitable for granite stones with small color difference and no texture. For many textured marbles, because there is a typographic problem, it should be done by traditional methods. Then proceed with the construction.
Interior stone is not affected by sunlight, wind, acid rain, fog and snow. Therefore, the protective effect lasts for a long time. The impact on the service life of protective chemicals is relatively small. From the perspective of reducing indoor decoration decoration pollution and reducing costs, an inexpensive water-based protective agent can be selected. Solvent-based protectants are recommended for use in destructive environments such as kitchens and baths.
4, rust spots and spit yellow to be separated, can not be simply used rust remover treatment
Many times, the yellow spots appearing in the stone are mistaken for rust spots. The rust spots contain iron and can be removed with a rust remover. There are two common causes of macular, which are easily confused with rust spots. One is that when the stone is wet-laid and filled, the organic additive in the cement penetrates into the surface through the capillary pores on the bottom surface, and the double bond of the organic component breaks under the condition of water and oxygen, and the color turns yellow. This situation is more common in wet-laid and filled white hemp stone. In another case, in the beige marble, the alkali plaque spreads to the surface to absorb the crystal water to produce a gel layer. After changing the light refraction, the alkali spot color becomes darker, which seems to be "yellower", but actually contains crystal water. The gel layer is at work, so the yellow spots of these genesis cannot be solved simply by using a rust remover. It is necessary to prescribe the right medicine, otherwise it will probably be worse.
5, can not blindly believe in imported stone conservation products, and do not prejudice domestically produced products
At present, the maintenance products of foreign brands are generally considered to be a symbol of high quality. However, its high price affects the promotion of foreign brands. The maintenance products of domestic brands are generally not optimistic, but they also have a certain market share because of their low prices.
In fact, these prejudices stem from the lack of understanding of stone conservation knowledge. All protective agents, whether imported or domestically produced, are composed of active ingredients plus diluents and auxiliaries. There is no difference between this entry and domestic production. In recent years, the development and application of domestic stone protectant products have developed rapidly, and it has been close to foreign advanced water in the field of silicone monomer manufacturing and resin synthesis. It is equivalent to foreign countries in the compounding process. In the field of construction applications, it is ahead of foreign countries.
Engineering practice cases show that if improper selection of foreign protective products can cause maintenance failure, it will cause losses to the owners. For example, there are three foreign brands of protective agents that appear darker when applied to high-density, high-hardness granite. If applied to a glossy surface, there will be significant surface residue. This problem does not occur if a relatively high-priced, highly permeable organosilicone protective agent is used. The reason for the surface residue, white spots or darkening of the color is mostly due to improper selection of protective agents.
The correct point of view is that stone protectants should not be "imported or produced, high or low prices" as a criterion for judging quality. Instead, see if you have chosen the right product for the right engineering practice. Some projects use some protective agents, which are very good, may just be domestic brands, and the price is cheap, which means that the right one. Some projects have selected some protective products with poor results and high prices, which may be just foreign brands. This only indicates whether the choice of protective product is appropriate or inappropriate.
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