New ways to make solar photovoltaic cells cheaper and easier

Polaris Solar PV News: The Korean company Hanwha SolarOne demonstrated the first commercial-scale solar panels made using the new silicon wafer manufacturing technology. In solar cells, these silicon wafers are the most expensive components. This new technology was developed by Crystal Solar, a startup company in Santa Clara, Calif., and uses it to produce wafers that are less than one-third the thickness of conventional wafers. This technology wastes less silicon than traditional processes during manufacturing, and significantly reduces the amount of equipment needed to make wafers, thus potentially reducing wafer costs by half. Wafers account for 1/3 or even half of the entire solar panel manufacturing cost. Hanwha purchased a $15 million worth of Crystal Solar shares and helped it bring the technology to market.

The new technology and the relationship between Hanwha and Crystal Solar can be examples of how to continue to reduce the cost of traditional silicon solar cells. A few years ago, the outlook for solar panels with a manufacturing cost of less than US$1 per watt seemed far-fetched. This view led investors to invest their money in other technologies that could replace silicon solar panels, such as thin films. Solar battery.

However, the current manufacturing cost of solar panels has indeed been reduced to less than US$1 per watt, which has led to the bankruptcy of many start-up companies engaged in thin film solar cells. Crystal did not try to develop a new technology that could challenge silicon solar panels, but instead developed new technologies that could be easily integrated into existing silicon panel manufacturing. Moreover, it does not manufacture solar panels by itself, but cooperates with Hanwha subsidiary companies that already have manufacturing experience. Start-up companies generally lack manufacturing experience, many of which fail because they cannot reduce manufacturing costs.

The general manufacturing method of a conventional solar cell silicon wafer includes the following steps: high-purity silicon (polysilicon) is first made, then the polysilicon is melted, and then carefully cooled to obtain a single-crystal silicon rod, and then the silicon crystal rod is cut Wafers. The entire process requires expensive large equipment, and half of the expensive high-purity silicon is wasted.

In the early stages of the traditional production process, pure silicon is extracted from a gas containing silicon and other elements. Crystal Solar has developed a method that can directly fabricate crystalline silicon wafers from this gas, eliminating the step of making polysilicon, allowing it to melt, crystallize, and then cut. Chip manufacturing is also using this type of process, but this version is much more efficient and faster.

Chris Eberspacher, chief technology officer of Hanwha New Energy, said that this approach not only reduces the waste of silicon, but also eliminates most of the expensive equipment needed to make wafers, thus reducing costs. Ebeschpeich said that for Hanwha, developing similar technologies by himself is not only risky but also takes several years. Therefore, the company decided to replace it with a search for a startup company to obtain innovation. "With this approach, we don't have to choose a technology," he said. "We can look at the technologies that startups are developing and select the best ones. This makes our actions faster."

Ebeschpeich said that Crystal Solar is still trying to reduce costs, such as reducing the cost of machine-made wafers and increasing the number of wafers they can produce. He said that if Crystal Solar's technology continues to reach new milestones, Hanwha will be able to launch commercial products made using this technology in 2014.

Slewing Bearing

Swing bearing

1.We own the most advanced production machine in China ,can supply you it with highest precision .

2.we have the most professional technologist,they have been worked for worldwide famous slewing bearing

company for years .

3.we supply slewing bearing for many Chinese excavator /loader factories .

4.There are many types of it in stock ,Low MOQ is accepted and can delivery your goods asap.

5.Professional installation is highly recommended.

About our Slewing Rings

Name	slewing ring bearing / Excavator SWING CIRCLE
Suitable Brand	Excavator
Suitable Model	Excavator
Original	China
AplliCartion	Excavator
Warranty	One year
Delivery time	wihtin 3 days after payment confirmed
MOQ	1 set
Packing	standard export carton & wooden case or as your require

Many types of excavator slewing bearing for your purchase.

Excavator Brand	Model No.
Excavator	PC30	PC40	PC60-6 (Z=76)	PC60-6 (Z=80)	PC60-7 (Z=76)
	PC70-7	PC75U	PC90	PC90-6	PC100-5
	PC120-5	PC120-6 (4D95)	PC120-6 (4D102)	PC130-7	PC128UU
	PC150-5	PC20HT	PC200-1	PC200-2	PC200-3
	PC220-3	PC220-5	PC200-6 (S6D95)	PC200-6P (S6D102)	PC200-7 (Z=92)
	PC220-7	PC228UU	PC300-2	PC300-3	PC300-5
	PC300-6	PC300-7	PC350-6	PC360-7	PC400-3
	PC400-5	PC400-6	PC450
Excavator	HD450-7	HD512	HD100	HD700-1	HD700-2
	HD700-5	HD700-7	HD770SE	HD770-1	HD770-2
	HD800-7	HD820-1	HD900-7	HD1250-5	HD250-5
	HD250-7	HD307	HD516	HD400-7	HD450-5
Excavator
	Excavator	EX60-1	EX60-2	EX60-3	EX60-5	EX90
		EX100-1	EX100-3	EX100-5	EX120-1	EX120-2
EX200-3		EX200-5	EX210-5	ZX120	ZX160
EX200-1		EX200-2	EX200-3	EX200-5	EX210-5
ZX200		ZX200-3	ZX225	EX220-5	ZX230
ZX240		ZX270	EX300-1	EX300-2	EX300-3
EX300-5		ZX330	EX450	ZX480
Excavator	DH55-5	DH60-7	DH150-7	DH200-3	DH220-3
	DH102	DH225-7	DH258-7	DH280	DH290
	DH300-5	DH320	DH330-3	DH360-5	DH500
Excavator	SK03	SK09	SK907B	SK100	SK120-5
	SK200-1	SK200-2	SK200-5	SK200-6	SK200-8
	SK230-6	SK300	SK350-8
Excavator	SH120A2	SH120A3	SH200A1	SH200A2	SH200A3
	SH200G3	SH200C3	SH210A3	SH220A1	SH225
	SH260	SH265	SH280	SH300/A2	SH340
	SH350	SH430	SH40T	SH580
Excavator	R60-5	R60-7	R80-7	R130-5	R130-7
	R140	R150W	R170	R200	R210-3
	R220-5	R210-9	R215-7	R225-7	R245
	R260-5	R280	R290	R300	R305-7
	R320	R335-7	R360	R450
Excavator	EC55	EC210	EC240	EC290	EC360

Excavator swing bearing is divided into various specifiCartions:

1.single-row ball slewing bearings with outer teeth or inner teeth , or without teeth;

2.single-row cross roller slewing bearings;

3.double-row different diameter balls slewing bearings;

4.three-row roller slewing bearings and etc.

AppliCartion:

1.Construction Machinery : Cranes, Excavators

2.Mining/Heavy Equipments

3.Port/Marine/Offshore Machinery

4.Forest Industries Equipment

The single-row four points contact ball Slewing Bearing is composed of 2 seat-rings.It features compact in design,and light in weight.

The balls contact with the circular race at four points,via which the axial force,radial force and resultant moment may be born simultaneously.

It may be used for slewing conveyers,welding arms and positioners,light,medium duty cranes,excavators and other engineering machines.

Slewing Ring Bearing Features:

1.High load-carrying capability

2.Ability to accept the combined loads;axial ,radial and tilting moments

3.Flexibility with product design.

4.42CrMo/50Mn material be used to make slewing ring bearing

Product Catalog

1. Single row four point contact ball series.
2. Single-row crossed roller series.
3. Double row ball series.
4. Three-row roller series.
5. Roller and ball combination series.
6. Lightweight outline slewing ring.

Slew bearing for Single-row ball(HS Series)

1. Id:320-4500 Od:550-4500mm
2.material: 52Mn,42CrMo
3.OME service
4.ISO9001-2000 certifiCarte
5.R&D capacity

6.Tolerance:ABEC-1 standard

7.Basic loading rating:Dynamic & Static depend on different model

Dimensions					Mount dimensions			Number of holes		Gear parameters				Designation
mm					mm			Number of holes		m	mm	z	mm
D	d	T	H	h	D1	d1	dn	n	n1	m	Da	z	b
662	458	80	70	10	626	494	18	20	4	5	689	135	60	011.30.560
662	458	80	70	10	626	494	18	20	4	6	688.8	112	60	012.30.560
732	528	80	70	10	696	564	18	24	4	6	772.8	126	60	011.30.630
732	528	80	70	10	696	564	18	24	4	8	774.4	94	60	012.30.630
812	608	80	70	10	776	644	18	24	4	6	850.8	139	60	011.30.710
812	608	80	70	10	776	644	18	24	4	8	854.4	104	60	012.30.710
922	678	100	20	10	878	722	22	30	6	8	966.4	118	80	011.40.800
922	678	100	20	10	878	722	22	30	6	10	968	94	80	012.40.800
1022	778	100	90	10	978	822	22	30	6	8	1062.4	130	80	011.40.900
1022	778	100	90	10	978	822	22	30	6	10	1068	104	80	012.40.900
1122	878	100	90	10	1078	922	22	36	6	10	1188	116	80	011.40.1000
1122	878	100	90	10	1078	922	22	36	6	12	1185.6	96	80	012.40.1000

Crane Slewing Bearing,Turntable Slewing Ring Bearing,Excavator Turntable Slewing Ring Bearing,,Four Point Slewing Ring Bearing

Shijiazhuang Longshu Mechanical & Electrical Equipment Trading Co., Ltd. , https://www.longsbearings.com