Furniture is closely related to people's lives. Classical mahogany furniture shapes the posture of people sitting and standing, and is also restricted and changed by architectural space and living customs. Since then, the style, materials and functions of mahogany furniture have changed more or less, but the "Oriental Spirit" of its connotation has not changed, and continues to influence people's lives in the form of classics or changes.
1 Furniture and body "shape" each other
The most basic function of furniture is to be used, directly in contact with the human body. In contrast, people sit and stand, and are also restricted and shaped by furniture. The history of the development of classical furniture is also the evolutionary history of the ancient lifestyle. With the Song Dynasty as the dividing line, the Chinese people sit from "sitting on the ground" to "sitting on the ground". The seat in the furniture has also evolved from a low mat to a wooden chair with a frame structure. The mahogany furniture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties can be said to be the masters of Chinese classical furniture. Nowadays, the study of classical furniture can be used to understand the movements of the ancients indoors. It can be seen that the lifestyle of today's people is changing all the time, but the code of conduct that is closely related to furniture in traditional culture has been respected and respected by modern people.
Home is a place to relax, the most important and most used in the home are the seat, bed and table. Among them, the seat in classical furniture is the most distinctive. In today's view, the various types of seating in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, regardless of the throne, the official hat chair, the circle chair, are not comfortable with modern furniture. For example, the dragon chair has a dragon pattern on the backrest and the armrest, and it adopts a convex embossing process. The body is only up and down and feels uneven; and the seat of the throne is generally large, and has a distance from the surrounding siding. It is inconvenient to lean on the slabs and handrails. Its large size and complex structure are symbols of the king's noble style and status. For example, the common official hats and ring chairs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, although there are S-shaped backboards and brains, can be called "leisure furniture" in mahogany furniture, but the backboard and seat are often at right angles, it is difficult to sit up. Relax completely.
Up to now, the seat materials and styles of the modern family are diverse. In the living room, the sofa is the mainstream seat, but it is because of the “uncomfortableness†of the mahogany furniture, but it has become the common furniture in the study room and restaurant furniture in the modern Chinese style. Zhou Jingnan, an associate researcher at the Palace Museum, told reporters: "Now, if the Chinese style is used in the home, the furniture in the study is mainly made up of Ming style furniture. In ancient times, the seat or official hat chair or embroidered pier in the study furniture is still used today. Classical The seat in the furniture can not be completely relaxed. The design of the armrest and the brain has already defined the sitting posture of the user: the back is straight and cannot be leaned, and the hands are placed on the armrest. The arm is at right angles to the upper arm. If you are tired, you can temporarily lean on it. On the back of the chair, the back of the head is placed on the brain to rest. If the chair is made of soft materials, such as sponge, fabric or leather, people will sit in and go down, and the body will slack off, which is not conducive to reading, learning and thinking. ""
In the same way, in the modern Chinese style, the backrest chair often appears as a dining chair. In the Chinese style layout, the dining table is often rounded to facilitate the formation of the enclosed space. The backrest chair has no armrests that occupy a small space and is easy to place, and allows the user to keep the back straight, not seated, and not relying on the back. On both sides, the correct dining etiquette is maintained, which is convenient for creating a high-end formal dining environment.
2 Evolutionary history of “house bellyâ€
There is a folk saying that “furniture is the house’s bellyâ€, and the shape and regulation of the building also determines the changes in the interior furniture over time and in the region. Chinese classical architecture is generally composed of beams and columns, which constitute a single building in units of “between†and then a courtyard with a single building. This kind of house with wooden structure is often divided into four columns. The more the opening, the higher the level. Because the weight of the house is often carried by the wooden structure, the wall is not bearing the weight. Compared with today's concrete reinforced concrete materials, there are few cement walls inside the room as a cover, which is more natural and transparent. As the architectural form changes, the furniture used in the interior is also changing, but the ancient charm of the classical furniture is also passed down in various forms in modern architecture.
The smooth and transparent environment of the classical architecture gives the wood furniture a great freedom. It also derives the unique furniture category in China--screens, as well as partitions and screens like screens. As a style tool for indoor space, the screen material is diverse, the size is variable, and it can be folded and moved. It can be transformed into a screen, a folding screen, a hanging screen, a screen, and a table screen, giving the space a lot of changes. The patterns, materials, and decorations on the screen are different, showing the space of richness, or elegance, simplicity, or Zen. In addition, the separation of the bedroom and the hall of the blue gauze, the sun carved window, have a similar effect. The cabinets are separated from the private space by the gauze cabinet. Through the yarn compartment, you can see the external landscape and the activities of the host and guest. The skirts and the ring of the fan are made of various fine carvings, and the two sides are gauze, and the flowers and birds are drawn on the grass. Exquisite paintings such as character stories or inscriptions on poetry and poetry are highly decorative; engraved engraving window patterns are rich, and more homophonic and metaphorical methods are used, which not only plays the role of decorative beautification, but also has lighting, ventilation, dustproof and space-dividing. Features.
In today's home decoration, not only in the traditional Chinese space, screens often appear, but also appear in ordinary space. In the large-scale villas and flat-rise houses, the design of screens and windows and doors breaks through the structure of reinforced concrete, and the enclosed indoor space is cut through the way of immersing in the way. style of. Even in the ordinary residential space, the similar design is often seen between the entrance and the living room, ensuring the transparency of the space and giving the rhythm of the space.
3 furniture culture changes with the times
Furniture restricts the posture of people sitting and walking, and the lifestyle of people also chooses classical furniture. The connotation of today's mahogany furniture not only respects and inherits the materials and styles of classical furniture, but pursues its deep meaning, and it is also a respect for the elegant and dignified lifestyle of the ancients at that time. Therefore, in the process of inheritance, classical mahogany furniture is also subject to the choice and change of modern people's lifestyle. Some styles of furniture have changed, some of the functions of furniture have changed, and more furniture forms and display concepts still It has not changed and has been re-emphasized by today's people.
For example, the ancient halls and the contemporary living room, although the name is different, but the function is very different. According to Zhou Jingnan: "The halls in the ancient Forbidden City and the halls in the houses are actually gathering places for discussing major events. For example, the emperor and the ministers discuss the government affairs, and the family members discuss the ancestral events. They are all carried out in the hall, a little modern 'conference room' The taste, so the furnishings in the hall are very regular and orderly. In the Forbidden City, only a throne is set up on the hall for the emperor to sit, others must stand or kneel on both sides, and there is no seat; The common setting of the hall is that there is a table of eight cents in the entrance, two symmetrical chairs on both sides, and two symmetrical seat sets. The living room used by our contemporary people often carries the functions of small family, friends and family. In ancient times, this part of the function was carried out in the study. Ancient study rooms are often used by small groups such as friends and girlfriends."
This functional change has also led to changes in the use of classical furniture. In the living room of a contemporary Chinese-style family, there is often not enough room to display the symmetrical display seat, the long wall against the wall, the hanging screen for decoration, the decoration of the Arhat bed and the small embroidered pier, with a casual meaning. Furniture, on the other hand, has the opportunity to board the "Great Hall of Fame." Since the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties "Han Xi Zai Night Banquet", I have seen the paintings of the dynasties of the dynasties, and I can often see the scene of the ancients taking the couch or the Arhat bed as the center. Therefore, in ancient architecture, the Arhat bed is often placed in a relatively casual and secret space such as the study room and bedroom. In contemporary Chinese-style rooms, the Arhat bed can be placed in a wider range: placed in the living room, in harmony with modern-style sofas, with tea, incense, restored ancient elegant and relaxed lifestyle, or placed In the bedroom or study, you can sit on the double seat, play chess, or lie in one person and enjoy a relaxing time.
In addition, some classics in classical furniture, although after nearly a hundred years of historical faults, modernity has been valued and appeared in other forms. For example, the small things used in ancient study rooms are full of plates. One plate can hold a variety of things, some are single-layer and multi-layer styles, and also have drawers, simple and beautiful and practical, generally with railings around, this stationery and today The stationery storage boxes on the common desks are very similar in style.
Classical furniture is a utensil used by people. Its popularity and inheritance are influenced by social economy, living customs, architectural functions, etc., and the "Oriental Spirit" of its connotation has not changed. It may be difficult to present the peaks of the furniture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in contemporary society, but the oriental culture in classical furniture has been subtly affecting the lifestyle of modern people and the design of furniture. The shape of furniture is determined by people's lifestyle. Even in modern society, people still admire the life philosophy of elegant and affectionate landscapes in classical life. This is the reason why new Chinese furniture and new Chinese culture are quite popular. The style and materials of classical mahogany furniture may change from time to time, but the essence is not forgotten at any time, but it continues life in the process of use and inheritance.
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