Compared with heavy nuclear fission, the hydrogen fusion reaction called "artificial sun" has more advantages, but related research has always faced huge technical challenges. The good news is that the Wendelstein 7-X fusion reactor in Germany is moving towards a record-breaking goal. After a series of upgrades, scientists said in the research report that the experimental device has reached the highest energy density of such devices and the longest plasma discharge time.
Twist of Wendelstein 7-X nuclear reactor (IPP, Jan Michael Hosan)
In short, we are one step closer to the goal of pursuing clean fusion energy. Like other experimental nuclear fusion reactors, one day, reactors such as Wendelstein 7-X will become part of zero-emission power plants.
It should be noted that using a magnetic field to maintain the plasma flow is not so easy-especially when it is necessary to reach a hotter temperature than the sun.
For some time, scientists have pursued this through the so-called tokamak fusion reactor. This fusion reactor is a simple device used to suspend the plasma flow in the chamber to form a rounded ring.
In contrast, Wendelstein 7-X belongs to a stellar nuclear reactor, which uses a highly complex form, with the help of 50 superconducting magnetic coils.
By keeping the plasma within the containment area 'rather than twisted and turned' via an irregular loop (rather than a ring), this solution prevents the plasma flow from drifting to the outer wall of the reactor and collapsing.
A record hydrogen plasma (IPP, Wigner RCP) was generated in the reactor
Although as early as 1951, Princeton University first proposed the concept of a stellarator, but the required calculations are considered too complicated. It was not until the arrival of the supercomputer that the academic community happily invested in this aspect of research.
Even so, as the world's largest and most complex star simulator, Wendelstein 7-X still needs 15 years to complete.
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics conducted their first research in December 2015. Since then, research has made considerable progress.
The initial flash of helium plasma lasted only 1/10 second. The first hydrogen plasma explosion a few months later lasted a full 1/4 second.
Now, the team said that in the latest round of experiments, they have achieved a long-lasting plasma of more than 100 seconds for the first time, setting a new record for such star simulators.
Despite the initial cost of millions of installation hours, the work of the stellarator continues. (IPP)
In addition, with the newly installed components (injecting fast hydrogen atoms into the plasma stream), the experiment also reported an unprecedented energy output-the plasma density is as high as 2 × 1020 / m3, which is enough to meet the needs of future power plants .
While the plasma energy exceeded 1 megajoule for the first time, the container wall did not become too hot. The plasma temperature reached 20 million degrees Celsius (36 million degrees Fahrenheit), exceeding the sun's 15 million degrees Celsius (27 million degrees Fahrenheit).
At present, the star simulator project is still continuing. In September 2017, graphite tiles were installed on the inner wall to achieve higher internal temperature and longer plasma discharge time. But now, they have been replaced by carbon fiber water-cooled components.
This will help the team achieve its latest goal, which is to hold the superheated plasma for more than 30 minutes in the twisted magnetic field of Wendelstein 7-X.
Although this highly detailed proof-of-concept device is not designed to actually produce energy, it will provide convincing evidence that if the research is realized, it proves that nuclear fusion facilities such as star simulators can become "environmentally sustainable" Part of the energy mix ".
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