After the immune system is stimulated by foreign antigens, the "neuro-endocrine-immune system" network causes a series of behavioral and metabolic changes in the animal, thereby affecting the growth and nutritional requirements of the animal.
Activation of the immune system causes changes in the body's metabolism
Activation of the immune system will increase the level of the corresponding antibody, accelerate the proliferation of lymphocytes, and increase the level of cytokines, thereby effectively resisting the damage of foreign antigens to the animal body. However, activation of the immune system also has a significant negative effect, causing a series of behavioral and metabolic changes in the animal. Typical symptoms of behavioral changes are animal fever, anorexia, decreased feed intake and growth rate, poor feed conversion, and the animal is in a clinical state of stress, the so-called "immune stress." Metabolic changes are the body's shift of nutrients used for growth and skeletal muscle deposition to a highly activated immune system to fight disease.
Effect of immune system activation on pig performance
The growth rate and body composition of a particular genotype of pig depends to some extent on its health. Reducing the immune system of pigs can increase the feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion efficiency of pigs. In addition, it can change the carcass composition of pigs, allowing pigs to deposit more muscle or body protein and deposit adipose tissue as little as possible.
Activation of the immune system can also affect the body condition and lactation capacity of lactating sows. High immune system activation affects sow lactation because cytokines inhibit the release of sow lactating hormones (such as GH, IGF-1, and prolactin) (Bauman and Vernon, 1993), thereby reducing GH, IGF in the blood circulation. -1 (Fan et al., 1995) and prolactin (Chao et al., 1994). There are few reports on the effects of immune system activation levels on performance in lactating sows. Sauber et al (1999) showed that high immune system activation levels lead to a 10% reduction in sow feed intake, but have little effect on sow weight loss, and also have a certain impact on milk composition; high immune system activation Reduced milk protein content, but no effect on milk fat content; ultimately reduced total milk yield and milk protein production, but had no effect on milk fat production. The decline in the lactation capacity of the sows ultimately affected the growth performance of the suckling pigs, which reduced the litter weight gain of the suckling pigs by 14%, but did not affect the number of weaned piglets. The effect of immune system activation levels on the performance of pregnant sows has not been studied.
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