Design of corn sorghum cutter and experiment on stubborn effect of corn cultivar Wang Gang Jia Honglei 1,2 ※, Zhao Jiale Li Changying (1. College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025; 2. Key point of engineering bionic education department of Jilin University.
The schematic diagram of the action of the cutter head and the corn stalk According to the previous studies on the mechanical properties of the corn stalks with different knots, no knots and different water contents, the smaller the angle of the 9-turner angle, the smaller the machine can be weakened. When the corn stalk is pushed down, that is, the linear speed of the cutter head is much larger than the advance speed of the machine, it is beneficial for the cutter to cut the corn stalk smoothly. According to the space under the corn harvester header, the diameter of the cutter head is 300 mm. The material of the cutter head is 7Cr17 steel and the thickness is 6mm. The normal operation speed of the corn harvester is about 1.0m/s. According to the research results of Gaoxin of Huazhong Agricultural University, the preliminary selection: ar is carried out to test the moisture content of the straw sample. The average moisture content of the corn stover was 20.4%. The optimum working speed of the corn harvester was about 1.0 m/s in the test; the angle between the picking roll and the horizontal ground was 40; the picking roll The rotational speed is about 400r/min. The main indicator in the test is the relationship between the cutting rate of corn stalks, the height of stubble and the height of the cutterhead from the ground. The test factors select the height of the cutter cutter from the ground and the angle between the cutter head and the ground.
a. Machine operation b. In the test of measuring the cutting rate of corn stalks, the angle between the height of the cutter head and the angle between the cutter head and the ground is as follows: the height of the cutter head from the ground is optional. The height of the cutter disc from the ground is combined with any angle, which is called a working condition (for example, when the height of the cutter disc is 300mm from the ground, the angle between the cutter head and the ground is 0, 3°, 6 respectively. 6 tests of °, 9°, 12°, 15). During the measurement, all corn stover under each working condition was selected for measurement. The total number of corn plants in the test area and the number of fully cut corn plants were counted, and the ratio of the number of completely cut corn plants to the total number of corn plants was calculated. Straw cutting rate.
In the test of the relationship between the average value of the straw stub height and the height of the cutter disc from the ground, the height of the cutter disc from the ground and the angle between the cutter head and the ground are as follows: the optional parameters of the cutter head from the ground height are 300, 305, 310. At the time of operation, the height of each cutter head from the ground is combined with any angle, which is called a working condition. When measuring, the height of the cutter head from the ground is the height of the ground of the cutterhead, and the height of the stubble of the corn stover is selected from the height of the highest point of the stubble section. All corn stover under each condition was selected for measurement, and the height of all corn roots was added, and then divided by the total number of corn plants in the test plot, which is the average value of the stubble height.
3 Results and analysis 3.1 The test environment of the straw cut-off rate The farmland working environment is rather harsh and complicated. In actual work, in addition to the growth of corn stover, the various working parameters of the corn harvester affect the operation effect of the corn harvester. Therefore, it is inevitable that individual straws are not cut or completely cut off; therefore, it is necessary to first test the straw cutting rate.
Under the working conditions, the average cutting rate of straw is above 90%, which meets the agronomic requirements for the conservation of tillage. The angle between the cutter head and the ground and the height of the cutter disc from the ground are independent variables. The straw cut rate is plotted in the coordinate system by the dependent variable and connected by a smooth curve, as shown.
The average cut-off rates are 90.16%, 91.42%, 92.12%, 93.17%, 94.33%, and 95.43%, respectively, that is, the cutting rate of the straw increases as the height of the cutter head increases from the ground; the clamp between the cutter head and the ground The angle is in the range of 015. With the increase of the angle between the cutter head and the ground, the average cutting rate is 90.17%, 91.25%, 92.33%, 93.28%, 94.25% and 95.42%, that is, straw. The cutting rate increases as the angle between the cutter head and the ground increases.
Due to the increase of the height of the cutter disc from the ground, the cutting point of the cutter disc and the corn stover is higher during the working of the cutter, and the deformation caused by the corn harvester picking roller on the corn straw is fixed due to the cutter being fixed relative to the harvester. It is much larger than the deformation caused by the corn harvester on the corn stalk, so the deformation of the corn stalk is smaller with the increase of the cutting point; and because the lower end of the corn stalk is thick and the upper end is thin, the higher the cutting point, the better the cutting effect. That is, the straw cutting rate increases. According to the above analysis of the cutting angle of straw, in the range of 015, the larger the angle between the cutter head and the ground, the closer the cutter head is to the tangent with the corn stover, the smaller the cross-sectional area of ​​the stubble, the more the cutting rate high.
3.2 Test of the height of the stalks and the height of the cutters from the ground. When the corn harvester is working, the corn stalks are pulled by the high-speed rotating picking rolls, which move quickly downwards, and can also be seen by the high-speed rotation. The height of the cutter head from the ground is in the range of 300 350 mm. As the height of the cutter disc is increased from the ground, as shown, the measurement results under 66 conditions are plotted in the coordinate system and connected by a smooth curve. It can be seen that under the condition that the angle between the cutter head and the ground is constant, the average value of the straw stub height increases as the height of the cutter disc from the ground increases, and is closer to the height of the cutter disc from the ground. Under the condition that the height of the cutterhead is fixed to the ground, the average values ​​of the stubble height of the straw are 329, 333, 335, 337, 338, 341 mm, respectively, that is, the average value of the stub height of the straw depends on the angle between the cutter disc and the ground. Increases and increases, and is increasingly higher than the actual ground clearance of the cutterhead.
The side of the rotating cutterhead is pushed. Because corn stalks have certain bending characteristics, they have rebound characteristics after being pushed. Therefore, the height of the cutter disc from the ground is not equal to the stubble height of the corn stover.
In the case where the angle between the cutter head and the ground is fixed, the height of the cutter disc from the ground is higher, the cutting point of the cutter disc and the corn stover is higher, and the shape variable of the corn straw when cutting is smaller, and the corn stover after cutting The smaller the amount of rebound, the average value of the stubble height of the corn stover is close to the height of the cutterhead from the ground. In the case where the height of the cutter head is fixed to the ground, the angle between the cutter head and the ground is larger, and the cutting point of the cutter head and the corn stover is higher, so the height of the stubble is higher; on the contrary, between the cutter head and the ground The smaller the angle, the more the height of the stubble tends to the actual height of the cutter.
4 Discussion For the corn harvester, there are usually two types of cutters; one is a reciprocating cutter that harvests wheat (in this case, a wheat harvester) by changing the header, and is also suitable for vertical rolls. The rotary cutter of the corn harvester; the bionic disc cutter selected in this paper has the comparative advantage of cutting corn stalk compared with the two. The bionic cutter has the characteristics of labor saving and power consumption reduction in the process of cutting corn stalks.
When the knife saw cut corn stalks, the corn stalks have a tendency to perform centrifugation along the dicing line at the point of contact with the saw; according to the research results of Huazhong Agricultural University, when the corn stalks are subjected to unsupported cutting, the high-speed cutting has a tidy cut section. Improve the characteristics of the cutting rate. Therefore, the line speed of the cutter head is much larger than the advance speed of the machine.
Agronomists believe that the retention of 1/3 of the total amount of straw in the black soil region of Northeast China has been able to meet the needs of conservation tillage. Due to the fine upper part of the straw and the thicker lower part, most of the corn varieties planted in the black soil area of ​​Northeast China, such as Kyrgyzstan. Single series, agricultural series, Haoyu series, etc., retaining the lower part of the straw 300 to 500mm is equivalent to 1/3 of the total amount of straw. The corn in the northeastern region is cooked once a year, and the monitoring of the effect of corn conservation tillage also requires years of statistics. The data can be more convincing, and to complete the research, you need to have a corn harvester that can stay sorghum, because the test requires hundreds of hectares of space, and no machine can be done manually in the specified season. Test. Therefore, in-depth study on the conservation tillage mode of maize sorghum is a long-term issue.
5 Conclusions The cutter designed in this paper, in the range of 015, the larger the angle between the cutterhead and the ground, the higher the cutting rate of straw, the average value of the cutting rate increases from 90.17% to 95.42%; the height of straw stubble The higher the average value, the higher the average of the stub height increases from 329 to 341 mm and is increasingly higher than the actual ground clearance of the cutter head. In the range of 300 to 350mm, the higher the height of the cutterhead from the ground, the higher the straw cutting rate, the average of the cutting rate increases from 90.16% to 95.43%; the higher the average value of straw stubble height, from 307 to 363mm And getting closer to the actual ground clearance value of the cutterhead.
The cutter helps to assist the existing two-row corn harvester in fulfilling the operational requirements of the sorghum conservation tillage mode.
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