In the field of modern industrial manufacturing, cutting is one of the basic processes with a large application and wide application. Especially in the engineering machinery manufacturing industry, the cutting workload has a large proportion, and the cutting efficiency and quality will directly affect the production. Efficiency and quality.
In the following, according to the current status of modern cutting technology, combined with the specific application of heavy-duty factory cutting technology in production, a brief introduction to the selection and application of cutting technology in engineering machinery is given.
First, the status quo, application form and technical economy of cutting technology
In recent years, breakthrough technologies have been made at home and abroad, from single oxyacetylene flame gas cutting to modern industrial gas flame cutting, plasma arc cutting, laser cutting, water jet cutting and other multi-energy, multi-process methods Cutting technology, at the same time, combines modern control technology with cutting technology to develop a new generation of fully automatic cutting equipment.
A, the status quo
1, oxyacetylene / new gas flame cutting
Since 1895, the French Lechatelier invented the oxyacetylene flame. By 1900 Fouch and Picard produced the first oxyacetylene torch. Oxyacetylene flame cutting as the oldest thermal cutting technology is still a processing method in mechanical manufacturing. Since the raw material for acetylene production is calcium carbide, a large amount of calcium carbide slag (1t calcium carbide to generate 3.3t calcium carbide slag) and toxic and harmful gases such as HSHS and SO are discharged during the production process, which seriously pollutes the environment and consumes a large amount of important chemicals while preparing dissolved acetylene gas. The raw material acetone increases the production cost. Therefore, in the past 20 years, relevant research institutions and enterprises at home and abroad have invested a large amount of money to develop new gas products with low cost, safety and environmental pollution reduction. At present, China has independently developed and introduced a variety of new industrial gas instead of acetylene for industrial flames. machining. At the same time, the cutting torch matched with the new industrial gas has also been put into operation, and all kinds of torch devices are complete. The manual torch can be cut to a thickness of 350mm, and the machine torch can be cut to a thickness of 1800mm.
2, plasma arc cutting
Plasma arc cutting is a processing method developed in the mid-1980s. At that time, it was mainly used to solve the cutting of stainless steel and non-ferrous metals. It has developed various gases such as argon, hydrogen, compressed air, nitrogen and oxygen, and generally plasma arc cutting and Water re-compression plasma cutting and other processes to adapt to different needs.
Ordinary ion power supply output current is 20 ~ 200A, cutting thickness can be up to 30mm; fine plasma power supply output current up to 100A, cutting thickness up to 12mm, including fine plasma slit width 0.65 ~ 0.75mm, with CNC cutting machine Cutting accuracy up to ±0.2mm; water recompressed plasma power supply output current up to 1000A cutting thickness up to 130mm
At present, the torch of the plasma arc cutting machine is developing in the direction of the precision of the slit close to the laser precision; the low power cutting power supply is developed in the direction of the inverter to improve the power efficiency and the shrinkage of the arc; the high power cutting power supply is directed to the thyristor. Develop and use certain compensation measures to improve efficiency, thereby increasing cutting speed and improving cutting quality. In recent years, with the development of plasma arc technology, cutting 20mm and low alloy steel, due to its fast cutting speed and good comprehensive benefits, the application in the construction machinery manufacturing industry has a growing trend.
3, laser cutting
Industrial applications of laser cutting began in the early 1970s. Due to its good cutting quality, high speed, high precision and high efficiency, it has been widely used in various industries. With the improvement of the power level, stability and reliability of laser devices and the advancement of processing technology, its application fields have gradually expanded to the cutting of various metal and non-metal plates. According to statistics from 2002, laser cutting accounts for the largest proportion in the world's laser industry applications, about 24%.
4, flow cutting
As a precision processing method for industrial products, water jets are characterized by no or little heat release, no heat deformation, no gas or steam discharge. The cutting technology research began in the 20th and 60th years. After 20 years of research and development abroad, the first high-pressure water jet cutting equipment was manufactured to cut various metals and ceramics. China developed a localized high-pressure abrasive-type water jet cutting device at 90 and used it for production. At present, most water jet cutting equipment is mainly used for cutting non-metal sheets.
B, application form
No matter which cutting technology, there are different application forms. Flame, plasma and laser have small cutting machine products and CNC coordinate cutting machinery products.
Among them, flame cutting technology has the largest number of small cutting machines, from general semi-automatic gas cutting machine, profiling gas cutting machine, photoelectric tracking gas cutting machine to special steel gas cutting machine and saddle gas cutting machine. The price is suitable, large, medium and small. The company is equipped with conditions and can be used for cutting production under various conditions. In addition, it has been improved on the basis of small cutting machines to complete the process requirements of u, y, k groove and ball groove cutting and intersecting line cutting.
Coordinate CNC cutting machine is one of the fastest growing modern cutting equipment in China's cutting industry. The coordinate CNC cutting machine has a good man-machine dialogue operation interface and powerful auxiliary support function, and is equipped with automatic programming, nesting, etc. The support of the software system has made the CNC cutting machine play an important role in production, and has become the first choice for cutting and processing in China's manufacturing enterprises.
C. Comparison of technical economy
At present, thermal cutting is widely used in the construction machinery industry, and the three cutting technologies of flame, plasma and laser are all hot cutting, and the technology of three cutting technologies
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