"Several Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Revitalization of Equipment Manufacturing Industry" pointed out that "to develop large-scale, high-precision, high-speed CNC equipment and numerical control systems and functional components, to change the status quo of large-scale, high-precision CNC machine tools relying heavily on imports to meet mechanical and aerospace The need for industrial development, as one of the 16 major special projects for the 11th Five-Year Plan to achieve breakthroughs in accelerating the pace of revitalizing the equipment manufacturing industry.
At present, China's domestic CNC machine tools lack market competitiveness.
Since the late 1990s, due to the rapid development of China's industrial modernization and defense industry and high-tech industries, the demand for CNC machine tools for advanced manufacturing equipment has become more vigorous. From 1992 to 2005, the growth rate of output and consumption of CNC machine tools in China was 17.3% and 16.8%, respectively, and the average annual growth rate during the seven years from 1998 to 2005 was 35.8% and 30.8%. In 2005, the annual output of CNC machine tools in China reached 59,639 units, with sales of 16 billion yuan.
While the CNC machine tool industry is developing rapidly, the quality and performance of CNC machine tools have also been improved. The output ratio of mid-range popular CNC machine tools has increased from 20% at the end of the last century to about 40%, and the low-end economical CNC machine tools have been reduced from 80% to 60%. High-end CNC machine tools, such as five-axis linkage blade machining centers, large-scale hybrids. Five-axis hydraulic turbine blade milling machines and ultra-precision aspheric lathes are also in production applications. Under the great situation of the development of CNC machine tools, it also faces severe challenges. The share of imports in China's CNC machine tool market is high. In 2001, the total consumption of CNC machine tools was 2 billion US dollars, of which domestic CNC machine tools were 580 million US dollars; in 2005, the total consumption of CNC machine tools was nearly 6.5 billion US dollars, of which domestic CNC machine tools were 2 billion US dollars. Therefore, the market share of imported CNC machine tools during the 10th Five-Year Plan period averaged 71.3%, and the market share of domestic CNC machine tools was only 28.7%.
In 2004, the consumption of CNC machine tools market, the high import share of CNC machine tool market consumption is that almost all high-end CNC machine tools (95.6%) rely on import solutions, and the import value of mid-range CNC machine tools also accounts for nearly half (46.2%).
According to this situation, in order to better meet the needs of China's industrial development of machinery, automotive, aerospace and defense military, the development of applicable high-end CNC machine tools is the main way to improve the competitiveness of domestic CNC machine tools.
China still can't get rid of the situation that CNC machine tools rely heavily on imports.
Advanced industrial countries such as the United States, Germany, Japan, etc., and even South Korea, where the industry has been developing strongly in recent years, attach great importance to the driving force of the automobile industry to the growth of the national economy and the development of the machine tool industry. According to the correlation analysis of the consumption of CNC machine tools and the growth of automobile production in China, it is concluded that for every 1% increase in vehicle output, the consumption of CNC machine tools can be increased by 1.35%.
According to a survey conducted by the China Society of Automotive Engineers, 80% of its investment in fixed assets is purchased for manufacturing equipment, and 80% of the purchased manufacturing equipment is imported equipment. Most of them are used for complete sets of CNC machine tools. The production line has made the consumption of CNC machine tools in China a driving force for the development of foreign CNC machine tools.
The occurrence of such an abnormal phenomenon has to be mainly based on the development of China's machine tool industry itself. From 1998 to 1999, the German public finance director had conducted an investigation and analysis of the purchase of domestic equipment by Shanghai Volkswagen. He believed that it was not that he did not want to use cheap domestic machine tools, but the quality and performance were not good.
Although competition in the automotive market has intensified in recent years, it has also prompted corporate decision-makers to purchase domestically produced machine tools. For example, in 2006, the Chery engine production line purchased the BW-type machining center jointly produced by Sino-German joint venture between Zhongjie Friendship Factory and Anhui Tianchang Internal Combustion Engine Cylinder Head Factory. More than 80 machining centers have been purchased from the Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute, but in general there are still very few.
After more than 20 years of hard work, China's machine tool industry has made great progress, but why can't it enter the core manufacturing fields of automotive industry such as automobile engine cylinders, cylinder heads, crankshafts, camshafts, connecting rods and pump valve parts. Automatic variable speed controller and precision mold manufacturing. In summary, there are three or three phenomena:
The versatility class is more than the machine tool, and the targeted high-efficiency machine tools are few;
There are many supporting single-machine applications, and the complete set of connected lines runs less;
There are many conventional traditional techniques, and there are few advanced features and techniques.
In 2005, China imported about 35,000 CNC cutting machines, and the consumption amount reached about 4.5 billion US dollars. The total consumption of domestic CNC machine tools was only 2 billion US dollars. According to statistical analysis, CNC machine tools consumed by the automotive industry account for about 40% to 60% of consumption. If 80% is imported, it is estimated that the amount of imported CNC machine tools in the automotive industry in 2005 will reach about 2.08 billion to 3.12 billion US dollars, which has exceeded the total amount of CNC machine tools produced in China in 2005. Therefore, the market demand is clear, the key is to organize a good battle, mobilize the integration of production, learning, research, strengthen cooperation with users, and determined to use high-quality complete sets of domestic manufacturing equipment to support the development of the automotive industry.
Some suggestions for China's CNC machine tool industry First, positioning. How to make domestic CNC machine tools cut into the automobile manufacturing industry, mainly from the low end, or from the high end. As a national high-tech research plan, it is recommended to provide advanced flexible production lines for automobile engine blocks, cylinder heads, crankshafts, connecting rods and camshafts in order to play a demonstration role.
The second is the technical route.
The so-called advanced flexible production line does not only refer to the use of CNC machine tools, but starts with the process, develops the corresponding high-efficiency precision equipment with advanced and applicable technology, and adopts the layout structure, so that it is possible to jump out of the technical route of simple imitation.
In terms of organization, we must strengthen the close cooperation between automobile manufacturing enterprises and machine tool manufacturing enterprises, based on the integration of both sides of parallel engineering, and fully mobilize the combination of production, learning and research to strive for technological innovation.
It is suggested to gradually form an interactive alliance cooperation mechanism between the automobile and machine tool industries.
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